Public Disclosure Authorized Republic of Uganda Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries AGRICULTURE CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized Pest Management Plan Prepared By Public Disclosure Authorized Environment Consultants Hot Springs Restaurant Building Plot 27 Clément Hill Road P. O. Box 4066, Kampala, Uganda Tel : +256-41-4382924 Mob: +256-77-2458903 E-mail: [email protected] September, 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized Table of Contents Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................... x Definition of Terms ......................................................................................................................................... xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... xiii 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Preamble .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Agriculture Cluster Development Project (ACDP) .......................................................................... 1 1.2.1 Project Objective ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Target Areas ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2.3 Project Components ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2.4 Beneficiaries ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.2.5 Implementation Mechanism ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Need for a PMP ................................................................................................................................ 3 1.4 Objectives ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.5 Scope ................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.6 Preparation of the PMP .................................................................................................................... 4 1.6.1 Literature Review ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.6.2 Capacity Assessment................................................................................................................ 4 1.6.3 Field Studies and Stakeholder Consultations ........................................................................... 5 2 VULNERABILITY OF UGANDA TO CROP PESTS AND DISEASES ATTACKS .......................... 9 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Vulnerability to Pests and Diseases ................................................................................................. 9 2.2.1 Present Situation ...................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.2 Vulnerability in the Future ....................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Factors contributing to Vulnerability ............................................................................................... 9 2.3.1 Human movements and Cross border trade ............................................................................. 9 2.3.2 Inadequate Resources ............................................................................................................. 10 2.3.3 Role of Climate Change ......................................................................................................... 10 2.3.4 Uganda’s Adaptive Capacity ................................................................................................. 11 2.4 Risk Levels of Particular Crops ..................................................................................................... 11 2.4.1 Cassava .................................................................................................................................. 11 2.4.2 Coffee ..................................................................................................................................... 12 2.4.3 Rice ........................................................................................................................................ 12 i 2.4.4 Maize and Beans .................................................................................................................... 13 2.5 Adaptation Strategy ....................................................................................................................... 13 2.5.1 National Action Plans for Pests and Diseases ........................................................................ 13 2.5.2 Use of Varieties ...................................................................................................................... 14 2.5.3 Capacity Development and Improvement .............................................................................. 14 2.5.4 Investment in Research .......................................................................................................... 14 3 LOSSES AND COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH PEST ATTACKS IN UGANDA ................................ 16 3.1 Key Pests and Diseases .................................................................................................................. 16 3.2 Definition of Losses ....................................................................................................................... 16 3.3 Impact of Losses ............................................................................................................................ 16 3.3.1 Household Level .................................................................................................................... 17 3.3.2 Beyond the Household ........................................................................................................... 17 3.4 Typical Pest Specific Yield Losses ................................................................................................ 17 3.5 Estimated Monetary Value of Losses ............................................................................................ 18 3.5.1 Banana Losses ........................................................................................................................ 18 3.5.2 Cotton Losses ......................................................................................................................... 19 3.5.3 Coffee Losses ......................................................................................................................... 19 3.5.4 Rice Losses ............................................................................................................................ 19 3.5.5 Cassava Losses ....................................................................................................................... 19 3.5.6 Losses by Quelea Birds .......................................................................................................... 19 3.6 Limitations in Estimations ............................................................................................................. 20 3.6.1 Lack of Reliable Information ................................................................................................. 20 3.6.2 Regional Differences .............................................................................................................. 20 3.7 Institutional Interventions .............................................................................................................. 20 3.7.1 MAAIF Interventions ............................................................................................................. 20 3.7.2 Pest Management Procedures by UCDA ............................................................................... 21 4 HISTORY OF PESTS AND DISEASES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN UGANDA ................... 22 4.1 Definition of Pest ........................................................................................................................... 22 4.2 Maize Pests and Diseases ............................................................................................................... 22 4.2.1 Field Pests .............................................................................................................................. 22 4.2.2 Vertebrate Pests...................................................................................................................... 23 4.2.3 Storage Pests .......................................................................................................................... 24 4.2.4 Diseases .................................................................................................................................