LYNNWOOD LINK EXTENSION FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT Cultural, Archaeological, and Historic Resources Technical Report APRIL 2015 Technical Report Cultural, Archaeological, and Historic Resources 401 South Jackson Street Seattle, WA 98104‐2826 October 2014 Lynnwood Link Extension | Final Environmental Impact Statement Preface Part 1 of this report was prepared by Historical Research Associates, Inc. (HRA) Project Archaeologist Shari Maria Silverman, M.A., M.S.; Research Archaeologist Jenny Dellert, M.A.; Archaeological Technician Anthony Cagle, PhD; and HRA Principal Investigator Brent A Hicks, M.A., R.P.A., who meet the Secretary of the Interior’s professional qualifications standards for archaeology. This report is intended for the exclusive use of the client and its representatives. It contains professional conclusions and recommendations concerning the potential for project-related effects to archaeological resources based on the results of HRA's investigation. It should not be considered to constitute project clearance with regard to the treatment of cultural resources or permission to proceed with the project described in lieu of review by the appropriate reviewing or permitting agency. This report should be submitted to the appropriate state and local review agencies for their comments prior to the commencement of the project. Part 2, the built environment, was prepared by Mimi Sheridan, AICP, who meets the Secretary of Interior’s professional qualification standards for architectural history and history. Cultural, Archaeological, and Historic Resources Technical Report October 2014 Lynnwood Link Extension | Final Environmental Impact Statement Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. vii Summary of Findings ....................................................................................................................................... viii Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... ix Description of Alternatives ............................................................................................................................... ix Area of Potential Effects .................................................................................................................................... x Regulatory Environment ....................................................................................................................... x Federal Regulations.............................................................................................................................................. x State Regulations ................................................................................................................................................. xi Local Regulations ............................................................................................................................................... xii Agency Consultation ............................................................................................................................ xv Tribes ................................................................................................................................................................... xv Other Consulting Parties .................................................................................................................................. xv Part 1: Archaeological Resources ......................................................................................................... 1-1 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 Area of Potential Effects ...................................................................................................................... 1-1 2 Methods ..................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Archaeological Study ............................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Archaeological Sensitivity Model ........................................................................................................ 2-1 2.3 Archaeological Survey ........................................................................................................................... 2-2 2.4 Evaluation of National Register Eligibility ...................................................................................... 2-11 2.5 Approach to Effects Analysis ............................................................................................................ 2-12 2.6 Potential Minimization and Mitigation Measures ........................................................................... 2-12 3 Affected Environment ............................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Environmental Context ........................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Cultural Context ..................................................................................................................................... 3-3 3.3 Archaeological Context ....................................................................................................................... 3-17 4 Effects on Historic Properties (Archaeological Resources) ...................................................... 4-1 4.1 Long-Term Impacts .............................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.2 Construction Impacts............................................................................................................................ 4-1 4.3 Cumulative Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 4-2 5 Minimization and Mitigation Measures .................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Inadvertent Discovery of Archaeological Resources ....................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Inadvertent Discovery of Human Remains ....................................................................................... 5-1 Part 2: Historic Resources .................................................................................................................. 5-1 6 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.1 Summary of Findings ............................................................................................................................ 6-1 6.2 Area of Potential Effects for Historic Resources ............................................................................. 6-1 Cultural, Archaeological, and Historic Resources Technical Report iii October 2014 Lynnwood Link Extension | Final Environmental Impact Statement 7 Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 7-1 7.1 Historic Resources Survey .................................................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Identification of Historic Properties (Built Environment) ............................................................. 7-1 7.3 Determination of Adverse Effects on Historic Properties ............................................................. 7-2 8 Affected Environment ............................................................................................................... 8-1 8.1 Historic Context .................................................................................................................................... 8-1 8.2 Historic Properties (Built Environment) in the Area of Potential Effect .................................... 8-6 9 Effects on Historic Properties (Built Environment) ................................................................. 9-1 9.1 Long-Term Impacts .............................................................................................................................. 9-1 9.2 Construction Impacts............................................................................................................................ 9-3 9.3 Indirect Effects ...................................................................................................................................... 9-4 9.4 Cumulative Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 9-4 10 Minimization and Mitigation Measures ................................................................................... 10-1 10.1 Minimization ......................................................................................................................................... 10-1 10.2 Mitigation .............................................................................................................................................. 10-1 11 References ...............................................................................................................................