Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIA) for the Proposed 400 kV Power Transmission Line Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga Draft Final Report - November 2009 Submitted to: National Environment Management Council P.O Box 63154, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Tel: +255 22 2134603 Email: [email protected] Prepared by: Institute of Resource Assessment P.O. Box 35097 Norsk-Data-Strasse 1 61352 Bad Homburg v.d.H., Germany Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Tel: +49-6172-9460-108 Tel: +255-22-2410144 Fax: +49-6172-9460-20 Fax: +255-22-2410393 eMail: [email protected] eMail: [email protected] Declaration The following individuals prepared this ESIA Report: • Dr. Herbert HANKE: Environmental Assessment (ESIA Team Leader) • Ulrich OTTEN, Socio-economist and Resettlement (RPF Team Leader) • Dr. Hussein SOSOVELE: Social Scientist • Dr. Claude Gasper MUNGO'NG'O: Resettlement Action Plan (RPF) • Mr. George SANGU: Biodiversity (ESIA) • Ms. Beatrice MCHOME: Public Consultations and Participation (RPF) • Prof. Palamagamba KABUDI: Environmental Law and Regulations • Ms. Zubeda KICHAWELE - Social Surveys • Mr. C. MSONGANZILA- Social Surveys • Mr. Alexander CHAMBI - Social Surveys • Mr. Florian SILANGWA - Social Surveys • Mr. Emmanuel HANAI - Social Surveys • Ms. Zaina KIJAZI - Social Surveys ESIA for 400 kV OHL Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga: Draft Final Report MVV decon ♦ IRA November 2009 Acknowledgement The ESIA report would not have been possible without the assistance of many people. The ESIA team wishes to thank all of them for their generous contributions, expertise and resources that have been used in this report. The information and insight provided by the village people, government officials, agencies and organizations along the route of the proposed 400 kV transmission line have greatly been useful in drawing up the report. The ESIA team expresses sincere gratitude to the District Executive Officers and several district offi- cials for providing the team with valuable contributions on how the project team should be regarding the proposed project. Concerns and issues from these stakeholders have been integrated into the re- port. We are also grateful to the village leaders and village people for their support and cooperation during this study. We thank them for the time they spent on answering our questions and for comments on various issues that have been taken into account during the preparation of the report. In addition the ESIA team wishes to express their thanks to TANESCO, the Ministry of Natural Re- sources and Tourism (Forest and Beekeeping Department and Antiquities), the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, the Ministry of Land and Human Settlements, Ministry of Labour, Employment and Youth Development (Occupational Safety and Health Authority) and TANROADS, for their comments and suggestions that have contributed to this report. Special thanks go to Mr. G. Mrosso of TANESCO Headquarters, for his support, guidance and advice during the field survey, without his involvement, this exercise could have been more difficult to undertake. Dar es Salaam, July 2009 ESIA for 400 kV OHL Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga: Draft Final Report MVV decon ♦ IRA November 2009 Table of Contents Page 0. Executive Summary 1 0.1 Project Background and Rationale 1 0.2 Description of Project Environment 1 0.3 Stakeholders and their Involvement in the EIA Process 2 0.4 Results of Public Consultation 2 0.5 Major Significant Impacts 3 0.6 Project Alternatives 6 0.7 Mitigation Measures and Mitigation Plan 6 0.8 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan 7 0.9 Decommissioning 7 0.10 Conclusions and Recommendations 8 1. Introduction 9 1.1 Project Background 9 1.2 Project Rationale 9 1.3 The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 10 2. Project Description 12 2.1 Project Location 12 2.1.1 Iringa - Dodoma Section 12 2.1.2 Dodoma - Singida Section 13 2.1.3 Singida - Shinyanga Section 13 2.2 Project Components 18 2.2.1 Wayleave Corridors 18 2.2.2 Transmission Towers 18 2.2.3 Conductors 19 2.2.4 Access Roads 20 2.2.5 Substations 20 2.2.6 Materials and Other Utilities 20 2.3 Project Activities 21 2.3.1 Mobilization Phase 21 2.3.2 Construction Phase 21 2.3.3 Operation Phase 22 2.4 Decommissioning 22 2.5 Overall Approach and Methodology 23 2.5.1 Environmental Issues 23 2.5.2 Social Impact Assessment 24 3. Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework 26 3.1 National Policies 26 3.1.1 National Environment Policy, 1997 26 3.1.2 National Forest Policy, 1998 26 3.1.3 The Mineral Policy of Tanzania, 1997 27 3.1.4 National Land Policy, 1997 27 3.1.5 Water Policy, 2002 28 3.1.6 National Energy Policy, 2003 28 3.1.7 The Wildlife and Wetland Policy of Tanzania, 2007 29 ESIA for 400 kV OHL Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga: Draft Final Report MVV decon ♦ IRA November 2009 Table of Contents Page 3.1.8 National Human Settlements Development Policy, 2000 29 3.1.9 Tanzania Development Vision, 2000 30 3.1.10 National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty 30 3.1.11 Agriculture and Livestock Policy, 1997 30 3.2 World Bank Safeguard Policies 31 3.3 Legal Framework 33 3.3.1 Environmental Management Act No. 20 - Cap 191, 2004 33 3.3.2 Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations, 2005 33 3.3.3 Forest Act, 2002 34 3.3.4 Wildlife Conservation Act, 1974 35 3.3.5 Land Act, 1999 35 3.3.6 Village Land Act No. 5, 1999 37 3.3.7 Land Regulation, 2001 37 3.3.8 Land Disputes Courts Act No. 2, 2002 38 3.3.9 Local Government Act No. 9, 1982 39 3.3.10 Occupational Health and Safety Act, 2003 39 3.3.11 Legal Provisions on Waste Management Issues 40 3.3.12 Legal Provisions on Pollution 40 3.3.13 Land Use and Spatial Planning 41 3.3.14 Land Acquisition Act, 1967 42 3.4 International Agreements and Conventions 42 3.5 Institutional Framework 43 4. Baseline Information 44 4.1 Human Environment 44 4.1.1 Socio-economic Characteristics 44 4.1.2 Iringa Region 44 4.1.3 Dodoma Region 46 4.1.4 Singida Region 50 4.1.5 Tabora Region 54 4.1.6 Shinyanga Region 54 4.2 Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Affected Population 56 4.2.1 Demographic Characteristics 56 4.2.2 Migration 57 4.2.3 Livestock Ownership 61 4.3 Physical and Biological Environment 62 4.3.1 Topography 62 4.3.2 Climate 63 4.3.3 Hydrology 65 4.3.4 Geology and Soils 65 4.4 Vegetation Cover 68 4.4.1 Iringa-Dodoma Section 69 4.4.2 Dodoma - Singida - Sekenke Section 70 4.4.3 Sekenke - Shinyanga Section 71 4.5 Wildlife resources 71 5. Stakeholder Identification and Methods of Participation 72 5.1 Methods of Stakeholder Participation 72 5.2 Notification to Stakeholders 72 ESIA for 400 kV OHL Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga: Draft Final Report MVV decon ♦ IRA November 2009 Table of Contents Page 5.3 Household Questionnaire 72 5.4 Village Public Meetings 73 5.5 Official Meetings with Village Leaders 73 5.6 Meetings with Districts Officials 73 5.7 Consultations with Other Relevant Stakeholders 73 5.8 Summary of Stakeholder Issues and Concerns 73 6. Impact Assessment and Evaluation 77 6.1 Introduction and Rating Scale 77 6.2 Impact on the Natural Environment 78 6.2.1 Vegetation Cover 78 6.2.2 Soil Erosion 79 6.2.3 Climate Change, Landscape Aesthetics 81 6.2.4 Valuable Areas without International Accepted Protection Status 81 6.2.5 Diversity of Habitats and Species, Wildlife Barriers 83 6.2.6 Collision of Birds with the Transmission Line 84 6.2.7 Hydrocarbons 85 6.2.8 Waste and Wastewater 85 6.3 Socio-Economic Impacts 85 6.3.1 Housing 85 6.3.2 Public Infrastructures and Services 86 6.3.3 Land Use 89 6.3.4 Cultural Heritage 92 6.3.5 Employment and Income Level 92 6.3.6 Complaints of Stakeholders 93 6.4 Impacts on Safety and Health 94 6.4.1 Noise, Dust and Vibrations 94 6.4.2 Electrocution 94 6.4.3 Electromagnetic Fields 94 6.4.4 Accidents 95 6.4.5 HIV/AIDS and Other STDs 96 7. Mitigation Measures 97 7.1 Natural Environment 97 7.2 Socioeconomic Issues 99 7.3 Health and Safety 100 7.4 Balance of Impacts Without / With Mitigation Measures 101 8. Alternatives 104 8.1 No Project Alternative 104 8.2 Routing Alternatives 104 8.2.1 Igumbilo Alternative 105 8.2.2 Mtera Alternative 107 8.2.3 Nala Alternative 109 8.2.4 Bahi Alternative 111 8.2.5 Puma Alternative 113 8.2.6 Singida Alternative 115 8.2.7 Kitusha Alternative 119 8.2.8 Evaluation of Routing Alternatives 122 ESIA for 400 kV OHL Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga: Draft Final Report MVV decon ♦ IRA November 2009 Table of Contents Page 9. Environmental and Social Mitigation Plan 124 10. Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan 127 11. Cost Benefit Analysis of the Project 131 12. Capacity Building 132 13. Summary and Recommendations 134 14. References 136 List of Tables Table 0-1: Assessed Impact Levels With / Without Mitigation Plan..................................................... 5 Table 2-1: Regions, Districts and Villages along the Line.................................................................. 12 Table 2-2: Characteristics of the New Line (without rerouting).......................................................... 19 Table 2-3 : Availability of Topographical Information (without rerouting, status 08/09) ...................... 24 Table 4-1: Education Status of the Heads of Households in the Project Area .................................