CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, Jan. 1997, p. 67–85 Vol. 10, No. 1 0893-8512/97/$04.0010 Copyright q 1997, American Society for Microbiology Waterborne Protozoan Pathogens MARILYN M. MARSHALL, DONNA NAUMOVITZ, YNES ORTEGA, AND CHARLES R. STERLING Department of Veterinary Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................................................68 GIARDIA LAMBLIA......................................................................................................................................................69 History........................................................................................................................................................................69 Life Cycle ...................................................................................................................................................................69 Incidence ....................................................................................................................................................................70 Symptoms...................................................................................................................................................................70 Therapy.......................................................................................................................................................................70 Current Detection Methods.....................................................................................................................................70 Detection Methods under Development.................................................................................................................70 Association with Water ............................................................................................................................................70 NAEGLERIA FOWLERI ...............................................................................................................................................70 Life Cycle ...................................................................................................................................................................70 Incidence ....................................................................................................................................................................70 Symptoms...................................................................................................................................................................70 Therapy.......................................................................................................................................................................71 Current Detection Methods.....................................................................................................................................71 Detection Methods under Development.................................................................................................................72 Association with Water ............................................................................................................................................72 ACANTHAMOEBA SPP. .............................................................................................................................................72 Life Cycle ...................................................................................................................................................................72 Incidence ....................................................................................................................................................................72 Symptoms...................................................................................................................................................................72 Therapy.......................................................................................................................................................................72 Current Detection Methods.....................................................................................................................................72 Detection Methods under Development.................................................................................................................73 Association with Water ............................................................................................................................................73 ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA......................................................................................................................................73 History........................................................................................................................................................................73 Life Cycle ...................................................................................................................................................................73 Incidence ....................................................................................................................................................................73 Symptoms...................................................................................................................................................................73 Therapy.......................................................................................................................................................................73 Current Detection Methods.....................................................................................................................................74 Detection Methods under Development.................................................................................................................74 Association with Water ............................................................................................................................................74 CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM ..................................................................................................................................74 History........................................................................................................................................................................74 Life Cycle ...................................................................................................................................................................74 Incidence ....................................................................................................................................................................74 Symptoms...................................................................................................................................................................74 Therapy.......................................................................................................................................................................74 Current Detection Methods.....................................................................................................................................75 Detection Methods under Development.................................................................................................................75 Association with Water ............................................................................................................................................76 CYCLOSPORA CAYETANENSIS .................................................................................................................................76 History........................................................................................................................................................................76 Life Cycle ...................................................................................................................................................................76 Incidence ....................................................................................................................................................................76 Symptoms...................................................................................................................................................................76 Therapy.......................................................................................................................................................................77 Current Detection Methods.....................................................................................................................................77 Association with Water ............................................................................................................................................77 * Corresponding author. Mailing address: Sterling Parasitology Lab- oratory, Rm. 202, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721. Phone: (520) 621-4439. Fax: (520) 621- 6366. E-mail: [email protected]. 67 68 MARSHALL ET AL. CLIN.MICROBIOL.REV. ISOSPORA BELLI.........................................................................................................................................................77 History........................................................................................................................................................................77