Oppression: Exploring Conceptual Potential in Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy by Elizabeth Pooley Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia April 2020 © Copyright by Elizabeth Pooley, 2020 Table of Contents Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. ii List of Tables .................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures .................................................................................................................. vii Abstract ........................................................................................................................... viii List of Abbreviations Used .............................................................................................. ix Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................x Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................1 Chapter 2: A Socially Engaged Discipline and Ideas about Justice ..............................7 2.1. Diversity in Exploring the Social within OS and OT ............................................................................... 7 2.2. Occupational Justice ............................................................................................................................... 11 2.3. Critique of Occupational Justice ............................................................................................................ 16 2.4. Naming and Exploring Theoretical Contributions to Occupational Justice ........................................... 20 2.4.1. Reviewing theoretical foundations: Selected Western philosophers. .............................................. 23 2.4.2. Reviewing theoretical foundations: Select contemporary theorists. ............................................... 25 2.5. Human Rights ......................................................................................................................................... 27 2.6. Sen’s Capabilities Approach, Nussbaum, and Venkatapuram’s applications. ....................................... 31 2.7. Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 35 Chapter 3: The Concept of Oppression .........................................................................37 3.1. Defining Oppression............................................................................................................................... 38 3.2. Power ...................................................................................................................................................... 46 ii 3.2.1. Faces of Power. ............................................................................................................................... 46 3.2.2. Domains of power. .......................................................................................................................... 47 3.2.3. Disciplinary and Bio-power. ........................................................................................................... 49 3.2.4. Hegemony and Internalization. ....................................................................................................... 50 3.2.5. Interpersonal Power and Microaggressions. ................................................................................... 53 3.3. Faces of Oppression and Intersectionality .............................................................................................. 57 3.3.1. Intersectionality. .............................................................................................................................. 59 3.4. Action against oppression ...................................................................................................................... 61 3.4.1. Conscientizaçao. ............................................................................................................................. 62 3.4.2. Resistance and Liberation. .............................................................................................................. 63 3.5.3. Solidarity and Allies........................................................................................................................ 66 3.6. The concept oppression in OS and OT. .................................................................................................. 67 3.7. Concluding Thoughts ............................................................................................................................. 71 Chapter 4: Methodology..................................................................................................73 4.1. Research Questions ................................................................................................................................ 73 4.2. Interpretive Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 74 4.3. Critical Interpretive Synthesis ................................................................................................................ 76 4.4. Gathering Data ....................................................................................................................................... 78 4.5. Determining Adequate Saturation .......................................................................................................... 82 4.6. Limitations ............................................................................................................................................. 84 4.7. Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 87 Chapter 5: CIS Results ....................................................................................................88 5.1. Introducing Search Results ..................................................................................................................... 88 5.2. A Growing Body of Literature ............................................................................................................... 91 iii 5.3. Subject Matter by Identity ...................................................................................................................... 93 5.4. Exploring the Articles from a Narrative Perspective .............................................................................. 97 5.5. Terms Addressed in this Literature ...................................................................................................... 101 5.6. Power .................................................................................................................................................... 109 5.7. Responses ............................................................................................................................................. 113 5. 8. Doing Occupational Therapy .............................................................................................................. 119 5.9. Use of Occupational Justice Terms ...................................................................................................... 122 5.10. Recommendations to Colleagues ....................................................................................................... 124 5.11. Assessing Theoretical Saturation........................................................................................................ 128 5.11.1. Saturation and oppression related theory. ................................................................................... 130 5.11.2. Saturation and OS and OT theory and practice. .......................................................................... 133 5.12. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 135 Chapter 6: Exploring the potential of oppression .......................................................137 6.1. Occupational Justice: Fit with the CIS ................................................................................................. 137 6.1.1. Occupational Justice key ideas and relationships. ......................................................................... 138 6.1.2. Oppression Terms and Occupational Justice. ............................................................................... 146 6.2. Collins’ Domains of Power: Fit with the CIS Results .......................................................................... 149 6.3. Young’s Faces of Oppression and this CIS: Instances of Oppression .................................................. 153 6.4. Social Occupational Therapy ............................................................................................................... 157 6.5. Considering the Value of an Oppression Lens. .................................................................................... 162 6.5.1. Oppression literacy and clinical practice. ..................................................................................... 163 6.5.2. Potential