WORKSHOP ON MARS 2001: INTEGRATED SCIENCE IN PREPARATION FOR ......... SAMPLE RETURN AND HUMAN EXPLORATION October 2--4, 1999 Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Texas Edited by John Marshall and Cathy Weitz Sponsored by Lunar and Planetary Institute Mars Program Office, Jet Propulsion Laboratory National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113 LPI Contribution No. 991 Compiled in 1999 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under Contract No. NASW-4574 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, education, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written permission of the authors as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. This volume may be cited as Marshall J. and Weitz C., eds. (1999) Workshop on Mars 2001: Integrated Science in Preparation for Sample Return and Human Exploration. LPI Contribution No. 991, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. 129 pp. This volume is distributed by ORDER DEPARTMENT Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113 Phone: 281-486-2172 Fax: 281-486-2186 E-mail: order @lpi.j sc.nasa.gov Mail order requestors will be invoiced for the cost of shipping and handling. LPI Contribution No. 991 iii PREFACE The Workshop on Mars 2001: Integrated Science in Preparation for Sample Return and Human Exploration was held on October 2-4, 1999, at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas. The workshop was sponsored by the Lunar and Planetary Institute, the Mars Program Office of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific conveners for the workshop were John Marshall (SETI InstituteNASA Ames Research Center), Cathy Weitz (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), and Stephen Saunders (Jet Propulsion Laboratory). The three-day meeting was attended by 133 scientists whose purpose was to share results from recent missions, to share plans for the 2001 mission, and to come to an agreement on a landing site for this mission. Logistical, administrative, and publications support were provided by the Publications and Program Services Department of the Lunar and Planetary Institute. LP1 Contribution No. 991 v CONTENTS Program ..................................................................................................................................................... ix Workshop Summary ................................................................................................................................. 1 Mission Overview ........................................................................................................................... 1 Workshop Goals ...................... ........................................................................................................ 1 Workshop Highlights ...................................................................................................................... 2 Landing Site Downselection Summary ................................................................................................... 5 Abstracts .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Mars Surveyor 2001 21-Sol Plan R. C. Anderson .............................................................................................................................. 13 Mars 2001 Lander Mission: Measurement Synergy Through Coordinated Operations Planning and Implementation R. Arvidson .................................................................................................................................... 14 Martian Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE) G. D. Badhwar .............................................................................................................................. 17 Composition and Origin of Martian Surface Material, Remote Detection of Minerals, and Applications to Astrobiology ,1. L. Bishop, M. D. Lane, E. Murad, and R. L. MancineIli ........................................................... 18 Geologic Measurements Using Rover Images: Lessons from Pathfinder with Application to Mars '01 N. T. Bridges, A. F. C. Haldemann, and K. E. Herkenhoff ........................................................... 21 The Critical Importance of an Integrated Approach Between the Mars Surveyor Program and the Future Human Exploration Landing Site Selection N. A. Cabrol .................................................................................................................................. 23 Evolution of Lacustrine Environments on Mars and Their Significance: The Case for the Brazos Lakes and East Terra Meridiani Basins as Landing Sites for Surveyor 2001 N. A. Cabrol and E. A. Grin .......................................................................................................... 25 vi Workshop on Mars 2001 The Thermal Emission Imaging System (Tt_MIS) Instrument for the Mars 2001 Orbiter P. R. Christensen, B. M. Jakosky, H. H. Kieffer, M. C. Malin, H. Y. McSween Jr., K. Nealson, G. Mehall, S. Silverman, and S. Ferry ....................................................................... 28 Melas Chasma: Potential Landing Site for the Mars 2001 Mission F. Costard, N. Mangold, Ph. Masson, D. Mege, and J. P. Peulvast ............................................. 31 Nannobacteria on Earth Are Truly Living Organisms R. L. Folk and F. L. Lynch ............................................................................................................ 34 The Mars Pathfinder Mission and Science Results M. P. Golombek ............................................................................................................................. 35 Constraints, Approach and Present Status for Selecting the Mars Surveyor '01 Landing Site M. GoIombek, F. Anderson, N. Bridges, G. Briggs, M. Gilmore, V. Gulick, A. Haldemann, T. Parker, R. Saunders, D. Spencer, J. Smith, L. SoderbIoml and C. Weitz .................................. 38 The Mars Environmental Compatibility Assessment (MECA) Wet Chemistry Experiment on _ the Mars '01 Lander S. M. Grannan, M. Frant, M. H. Hecht, S. P. Kounaves, K. Manatt, T. P. MeIoy, _ _ W. T. Pike, W. Schubert, S. West, and X. Wen. ........... ............ .. .................. ............. ...... ,, ............. 41 The Hypothesis of Caves on Mars Revisited Through MGS Data: Their Potential as Targets for the Surveyor Program E. A. Grin, E. A. CabroI, and C. P. McKay .......... ......................................................................... 43 Rock Statistics at the Mars Pathfinder Landing Site, Roughness and Roving on Mars A. F. C. Haldemann, N. T. Bridges, R. C. Anderson, and M. P. Golombek .................................. 45 Oceans on Mars J. W. Head ............................................. ,....................................................................................... 47 Site Selection for Mars Surveyor Landing Sites: Some Key Factors for 2001 and Relation to Long-term Exploration of Mars J. W. Head ..................................................................................................................................... 50 Hand-held Lens for Mars P. Jakeg .......................................................................................................................................... 53 The Mars In-Situ-Propellant-Production Precursor (MIP) Flight Demonstration D. I. KapIan, J. E. Ratliff, R. S. Baird, G. B. Sanders, K. R. Johnson, P. B. Karlmann, C. R. Baraona, G. A. Landis, P. P. Jenkins, and D. A. Scheiman ................................................. 54 Workshop Report: Spectroscopy of the Martian Surface: What Next? L. E. Kirkland ................................................................................................................................ 57 LPI Contribution No. 991 vii MOD: An Organic Detector for the Future Exploration of Mars G. Kminek, J. L. Bada, O. Botta, F. Grunthaner, and D. P. GIavin ............................................. 60 Measuring the Chemical Potential of the Martian Regolith to Generate and Sustain Life S. P. Kounaves, M. G. Buehler, and K. R. Kuhlman ..................................................................... 61 Characterization of Settled Atmospheric Dust by the DART Experiment G. A. Landis, P. P. Jenkins, and C. Baraona ................................................................................ 62 Triboelectric Charging in Simulated Mars Environment R. Lee and R. Barile ...................................................................................................................... 64 The 2001 Mars Descent Imager M. C. MaIin and K. E. Herkenhoff ................................................................................................ 65 Optimizing Site Selection for HEDS J. R. Marshall ................................................................................................................................ 68 Chemical Composition of the Martian Surface: A Sedimentary Perspective S. M. McLennan ............................................................................................................................ 71 The Mars Environmental Compatibility Assessment (MECA) T. P. Meloy, J. Marshall,