INTRODUCTORY The Presidency Adtninistration Report has been written in two parts of which, Part I is a general summary of the events of the calendar year 1949, focussing attention on the salient features of the administration during--that period and is printed separately imder the title - Madras in 1949,” while Part II deals in detail with the work of each department for the financial year 1948-49 unless the contrary is stated, and is published unde^he title “ Madras Administration Report, 1948-49.” 1948—49 was the second year after the davpil of indepen­ dence for the country and the ministry waa actively engaged in preparing and launching schemes of reorganization and development in every field of activity with a view to ameliorate and improve the lot of the maastw Dy removing iUiteracy, improving health, introducing total prohibition throughout the Province and developing agriculture, commerce and industry. Throughout this volume the figures in ijrackets are those for the previous year unless the contrary is indicated or can be directly infeired. ^ c^r^enuLtLJU . -Q Q & u u eftlch , Qpist-ss jsn'OT CONTENTS , »AO* XSTBODtlcrroBY .. , |jj CHAPTER I.—THE EXECUTIVE ®tifigee in Jije AdminktratioB ,. •• •• •• 4i His Excellency ^ Ooremcw’s T o o n ..................................... j C H A P ^ n .—THE LEGISLATURE Strength o f Parties , . .. , , ^ ^ ^ ^ CJourse of Legislation . , ...................................... g CHAPTER m .—LAND REVENUE, EXCISE AND COMMERCIAL TAXES Land Revenue, Sources and Realization......................... " .. 11 Rereuue Records and Registrati<m .. • ........................... Revenue and Rent-paying dasaes .... i * Wards’ Estates ................................................ ’ * . ' * Excise and O pium ..................................... ProMbiti(m " r . q7— ^ ~ "* ■" ** •• •• 19 OvflrinPfi • • • • • • **••••••*.20 Commercial Tcaes .... t i ..................................... CHAPTER IV.— _ I^ovinflisl Finance •• .*-'7 •• •• •• Revenue and Expenditure .................................................. 31 Receipts on Revenue Account .. •• •• •• 32 Gzpeuditure on Revenue Account .. .. .. 36 ABsets and Liabilities .. .. .. • • • • • • Provincial Borrowing ............................................................. iS Ixiaiia and Advances .. .. .» •• . .. 41 Eamine Relief Fund .. .. .. •• .. 42 Special Funds ............................................... • •. 43 General Revenues— Income-tax .. .. •• •• •• 43 Trade Conditione ............................................................. ^ Other good in d u stries................................................. •• 44 Salt ................................................. .......................... 46 Cnctoms Revenue .............................................................. 47 Contents CHAPTER V.— LAW, ORDER AND JUSTICE Police ............................................................................. I” Reclamation .. • • ••■?<*-»•** *' • * ^ Prisons ............................ ....................................................... Bostal Sohools . •• •• • 6® Certified Schools ......................................... ............................. CriminalJastioe . •• •• . Ss^\ Civil Jufltioe . •• •* •• •• •• Chemical Examinfir’s Departm ent........................... 74 Registration ...................................................... •• ..74) Notariee Public . •. • • • • • • • • - • ' Arms, Explosives and SuljAur L ice n c es........................... 76 Motor Vehicles ................................................................................ MiliUry—Auxiliary and Territorial Fores.........................................79 ‘ CHAPTER VI.—LOCAL ADMINISTRATION Local Boards . • • ■ > ............................ 80 District Municipalities ............................ ............................ City of Madras . ........................................ • • . • 83 Town-Planning ............................................................... 80 Hindu Religious Endowments ......................... •• ..87 CHAPTER VII.—VITAL STATK?n^, PUBLIC HEALTH a n d MEDICAL HiLiifiF Vital Statistics^ ............................. •' •• 90 ;; ;; ;; ;; • •• •• Medical Education . • • . - 86 Mental Hospitals / . *.* * ' • •• _ King Institute, Quindy - ** *’ ‘ * Indigenous Medicine .. ......................................... Emigration . ................................................... ........... ....................................................................... CHAPTER V m .— PUBLIC INSTRUCTION E d u c a t i o n .......................... Government Examinations . , ................................................... Govemment Museum ......................... — 112 Connemara Public Library . * ........................................ .... Oriental ManuscriptH Library ......................................... Other Libraries *' ’ * * * ••114 ........................................ •• ..1 1 4 3 Vll CHAPTER Vni.-PUBUC coni. Educational Aseooiaticms and Reading Rooms PAGE Agtremomy .« 114 Madras Record Office .......................... 114 Literature and the Press \ 11« Regwtration of Books ,Ii7 The Zoological Gardens .. The Lawrence School, Lovedale .. , * . 119 Provincial Broadcastine ^ i'-’ . m w CHAPTER IX.—AGRICULTURE. CO-OPERATION ANli FORESTS Utilization of L a n d ............................................................. jg j Condition of the Agricultural Population .......................121 Weather and C r o p s .......................... ;. ,, ^ j£2 Ag r ic u ltu r e .........................................................................' 124 H orticulture....................................................................... ~140 Animal Husbandry D e p a rtn iv n t............................................... ...... Co-operative Societies ...................................... ...................................... •• 154 'Commumties eligible for help by the Harijan Welfare Department. 159 Partially Excluded A r e a s .................................................. jg2 Excluded Areas ...................................... 166 Cinchona and Quioiiio Products 167 CHAPTER X.—TRADE AND INDUSTRY •• : ........................... .. .. .. 169 Sea-borne Trade 170 Industries ...................................... 173 Textile Control .. • .. 186 Factories ...................................... 191 Mines and Q u a rries.................................................. 195 Fisboies 196 CHAPTER XI.—IRRlGApaN, ELECTRICITY AND OTHEl t d b u c w o r k s IrrigatiMi .... Ki«^rioity .. ;; ;; ;; ;• •• Poblic Works (excluding Communications) .. «io Tramways 4. ,, - • .. « Boilers .. .. .................................................. .213 ft . “ “ “ •• • .2 1 3 Highways .......................... •• • •• If 14 C cm W ^ CHAPTER III—miscellaneous PAOK .........................................................................218 Aroh»ology ^ 219 uatitutions .............................................................219 ................................................................................................220 St&tir' T. 220 p rfrmnent Pt b b s ......................................................................... t'oIiticaJ Penskma ..........................................................................221 Madras Public Service Commission .. •• 222 Coet of Public Services ............................................... • • 223 Resettlement and Re-employment of Ex-servioe Personnel .. 223 Departmental Enquiries .. .• •• •• •• •• 228 Afpshdix .. .. • . • • • •• • • • • 230 Ikdkx .....................................................................................237 MADRAS ADMINISTRATION REPORT 1948-49 CHAPTER l-THE EXECUTIVE Changes in the Administration (I94&-49) His Excellency Lieutenant-General Sir Archibald Edward N ye, a.o.i.B., K.O.B., K.B.E., M.O., held office as Governor of Madras till the forenoon of the 7th September 1948 on which date His Excel­ lency Colonel Shri Sir Krishna Kumirainhji Bhavsinhji, k.c.s.i., Maharaja of Bhavnagar, took charge and he continued to hold office as Governor o f the Presidency o f Fort St. George throughout the official year. The Ministry under the leadership of Sri O. P. Ramaswami f^ddiar continued in office throughout the period. Out of the 13 Members o f the Ministry, only the foDowing 10 Members continued in office throughout the period The Hon’ble Sri O. P. Ramaswami Reddiar (Premier) The Hon’ble Dr. T. S. S. Rajan. The Hon’ble Sri M. Bhaktavat&alam. The Hon’ble Sri B. Gropala Reddi. The Hon’ble Sri H. Sitarama Reddi. The Hon’ble Sri K . Chandramouli. The Hon’ble Sri K. Madhava Menon. The Hou’ble Sri T. S. Avinashilingam Chettiar. The Hon’ble Sri A. B. Shetty. The Hon’ble Sri V. Kunnayya. Dr. P. Subbaroyan resigned the office with effect from the fore­ noon of the 5th April 1948. Mr. Daniel Thomas died on the 15th June 1948. Sri Kala Venkata Rao tendered his resignation with effect fr®m the afternoon of the 24th January 1949. I>. S. Garubatham was appointed as Minister with effect from the forenoon of the 26th June 1948 and he continued in office throughout the period. His Excellency the Governor’s Tours His ExPollenoy Lieutenant-General Sir Archibald Nye. o C s i O.O.I.E., K.O.B.,K.B.E., M.C., continued as Governor o f the Provinos up to 7th September 1948 when His Excellency Commodore Maharaja Raol Shri Sir Krishna Kumarsinhji Bhavsinhji, k .c .s .i ., took over as Governor o f Madras. Tours in the Province.— His Excellency Sir Archibald Nye visited Tanjore, South Areot,