APPENDIX A Required Tools and Components This appendix includes the most common components and tools you will need for each of the projects in the book. There are suggested design alternatives for some of the projects so you may want to explore other components. I also list suggested sizes or types for some of the tools, which should be considered only as a guide. It’s often a good idea to start with a small set of basic tools and then expand that collection or add better-quality tools as you gain more experience. I’ve listed the tools in a few groups, which will allow you to add to your tools as you progress. I’ve listed the components for each of the projects, some of which may have already been used by other projects. Tools Required When getting started then only a few basic tools are required. This includes a breadboard to build the circuits on and a pair of side cutters to cut and strip wires. When making permanent circuits then the number of tools required does increase, although some of these are normal DIY tools that you may already have or that you may find useful around the home. Basic Breadboard Circuits These are the recommended tools in Chapters 1 to 7 (and later): • Raspberry Pi (preferably Raspberry Pi 2) • Breadboard (half size) • Side cutters (small wire cutters) • Crocodile clips with wires • Jumper wires and/or solid core wire • Small screwdriver (cross-head and straight, or multi-head) • Cobbler (optional) • Board to mount the Raspberry Pi and breadboard (optional) Crimping and Soldering Tools A crimping tool is useful in Chapter 3 ; the rest of the tools are used in Chapters 10 and 11 . • Combined crimp tool and wire strippers • Soldering iron with suitable tip (usually a fairly small chisel tip) © Stewart Watkiss 2016 263 S. Watkiss, Learn Electronics with Raspberry Pi, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4842-1898-3 APPENDIX A ■ REQUIRED TOOLS AND COMPONENTS • Soldering iron stand and cleaner • Solder (normally lead-free) • Stranded wire (not essential, but more flexible than the solid core used for breadboards) • Heatshrink tubing • Stripboard • Spot face/stripboard cutter Manufacturing Tools for Enclosures Most of these circuits are designed to be made up and then taken apart. The exception is the arcade game in Chapter 3 . You may also find that you do want to make a permanent version of some of the projects, such as the True or False game in Chapter 5 . Ultimately, these will be useful when you go on to create your own projects in future. • Safety glasses or goggles • Electric drill • Small hacksaw • Small files (needle files) • Permanent marker pen • Rotary tool (optional) Meters and Test Equipment While not essential, an inexpensive multimeter can be very useful for all types of circuits. A BitScope would be a luxury at this stage, but may be useful in future. Chapter 10 includes the use of these tools. • Multimeter • BitScope (optional) Components for Each Project As with the tools the number of components can start small and then increase as you create the more ambitious projects. The components are listed against the project names they are used in, but you may also want to consider building up a stock of components for future projects. A set of resistors is a good start (either the E6 or E12 series listed in Appendix C ) along with a few spare transistors and LEDs. You can then expand the collection by buying a few extra spares when you order components for your next project. Chapter 1 : Simple LED Circuit • 9V PP3 battery • 9V battery clip (with wires) • LED (5mm any color) 264 APPENDIX A ■ REQUIRED TOOLS AND COMPONENTS • Miniature pushbutton switch (SPST) • 470Ω resistor Chapter 3 : LED Circuit • 5mm red LED • 220Ω resistor Chapter 3 : Switch Input Circuit These are required in addition to the parts in the LED circuit. • 12mm push-to-make pushbutton switch. • Optional switch cap Chapter 3 : Robot Soccer These are a list of all the components needed, excluding those listed in the breadboard list, at the start of this appendix. • 5mm red LED • 5mm green LED • 220Ω resistors (2) • 12mm push-to-make pushbutton switches (2) • Optional switch caps (2) Chapter 3 : Mars Lander These are the parts required, excluding the Raspberry Pi. • Box to mount the switches to (Really Useful Box 4 Litres) • Joystick (micro-switch) • Large button switch • Arcade button switches (5 are used in example) • Breadboard (optional) • 26 or 40 way Raspberry Pi Cobbler (optional) • Crimp terminals (red, female). 265 APPENDIX A ■ REQUIRED TOOLS AND COMPONENTS Chapter 4 : Brighter LED • 10mm white LED • Transistor, 2n2222 or BC548 • 82Ω resistor • 1kΩ resistor Chapter 4 : Brighter LEDs with Darlington Transistors • USB LED light • 5V USB power supply with suitable connector • BD681 Darlington transistor • 220Ω resistor • 12mm push-to-make pushbutton switch Chapter 4 : Disco Lights • PAR 16 theatre lights (4) • MR 16 LED bulbs (4) • 12V power brick with suitable connector • IRL520 MOSFET transistors (4) • 470Ω resistors (4) • 5A fuse with holder or polyfuse Chapter 5 : PIR Sensor and Pi Camera • Raspberry Pi camera • PIR motion sensor (HC-SR501) Chapter 5 : Infrared Transmitter and Receiver • TSOP2438 infrared receiver • TSAL6400 infrared emitter • 2N2222 transistor • 68Ω resistor • 100Ω resistor • 220Ω resistor • 0.1μF capacitor • Infrared color-changing LED and remote control 266 APPENDIX A ■ REQUIRED TOOLS AND COMPONENTS Chapter 5 : I 2 C LCD Display True or False Game • Bidirectional level shifter (Adafruit/Sparkfun) • LCD display • I 2 C LCD display backpack • Push-to-make switches (3) Chapter 5 : SPI Analog to Digital Input • MCP3008 SPI ADC • 1 μF capacitor • Potentiometer (variable resistor), 10kΩ or similar Chapter 6 : Automated Lego Train The parts for the infrared transmitter are the same as those used in the infrared transmitter circuit in Chapter 5 . • Lego train or similar infrared device • 68Ω resistor • 220Ω resistor • 2N2222 transistor • TSAL6400 infrared emitter • Reed switch and magnet Chapter 6 : NeoPixels • 5V power supply and connector • 470Ω resistor • 2.2kΩ resistor • 2N70000 MOSFET • NeoPixels (2 breadboard NeoPixels or strip of NeoPixels) Chapter 7 : Video Capture The infrared receiver components are the same as those used in Chapter 5 . • TSOP238 infrared receiver • 100Ω resistor • 0.1μF capacitor • Selection of Lego figures or similar characters • Background pictures 267 APPENDIX A ■ REQUIRED TOOLS AND COMPONENTS Chapter 8 : Breadboard Based Robot • Magician robot chassis with motors • SN754410 H-Bridge IC • Cobbler (optional) • Battery power supply (four AA batteries or alternative 5V power supply) • WiFi dongle for the Raspberry Pi Chapter 8 : Robot Using Ryanteck Motor Control Board As with the breadboard-based robot, but with a Ryanteck Motor Control Board instead of the SN754410 and no cobbler. Chapter 8 : CamJam Robot • CamJam Education Kit 3 (Robotics) • WiFi dongle for the Raspberry Pi Chapter 8 : Robot with Ultrasonic Range Sensor • Any of the robot kits listed previously • Ultrasonic Range Sensor • 39kΩ resistor • 68kΩ resistor Chapter 9 : Minecraft Hardware The Minecraft projects use the same enclosure, joystick controller, and switches as used in the 3 Mars Lander project in Chapter 3 . • 220Ω resistors (7) • Tri-color common cathode LEDs; also known as duo-LEDs (3) • Red LED • Minecraft blocks (optional) If you are unable to buy tri-color LEDs, you can use common cathode RGB LEDs instead. Chapter 10 : Permanent Circuits The additional tools required are listed at the top of this appendix. • Perma-Proto Pi HAT or Slice of Pi prototyping board • PCB terminal connectors (optional) 268 APPENDIX A ■ REQUIRED TOOLS AND COMPONENTS To create a permanent circuit also requires the components listed in any appropriate project earlier in the book. Good examples are the NeoPixel controller and the infrared transmitter and receiver circuits. Chapter 10 : True or False Game The following tools are in addition to the components from the True or False game in Chapter 5 . • Enclosure/box • PCB mounting screws and spacers Chapter 11 : Powering the Raspberry Pi • 7805 voltage regulator • 330nF capacitor (also known as an 0.33μF) • 100nF capacitor (also known as an 0.1μF) • Heat sink (depending on the power requirements) or • B u c k c o n v e r t e r 269 APPENDIX B Electronic Components Quick Reference These are some of the common electronic components provided as a quick reference. Some technical details have been included for the common components, but these depend on the particular model. Check the datasheets for more details. Resistors A resistor is normally used to reduce the amount of current that can flow through a circuit. This protects a component from being damaged due to too much current. Resistors can also be used for dropping the voltage at a point in the circuit by creating a voltage divider. The size of the resistor is measure in ohms, Ω, which is marked on the side of the resistor using a color code (see Appendix C). The resistors are available in certain values (depending on the resistor series) and so you should select the nearest common value. Variable Resistors As its name suggests, a variable resistor is a resistor whose value can change. They normally have three terminals, two providing the specified value of the resistance and a third that can be adjusted to provide a resistance value between the other two. The variable resistors can be accessible to the user, such as the volume control buttons on a speaker, or can be small components that are hidden inside an enclosure away from the user. The ones that are accessible to the user often have control knobs and are often called potentiometers . The smaller variable resistors that are not accessible to the user are often used to calibrate a particular circuit are commonly called trimmers .