SIEGE OF JADOTVILLE, SEPTEMBER 1961 THE IRISH ARMY’S FORGOTTEN BATTLE With outnumbered United Nations troops left in the lurch by higher HISTORICAL BACKGROUND command, Robert Giglio and Dennis O’Toole present a Modern Warfare “We will hold out until our last bullet is scenario for re-fighting a fascinating ‘incident’ in the Congo bush. spent. Could do with some whiskey.” Irish radio reply to U.N. headquarters “By sending troops to the Congo in 1960, the United Nations averted, Under U.N. command, Company A, or helped the major powers to avert, an occasion of international war.” 35th Irish Infantry Battalion of the Irish Republican Army, led by Colonel Patrick Conor Cruise O’Brien, Personal Representative of the U.N. Secretary-General to Katanga Joseph Quinlan, was assigned to Jadotville, Katanga, a former province of the Belgian Congo. The mandate given to Commandant This article is the result of a response to UN soldiers who end up in a desperate Quinlan of Company A and his force of friend and longtime HMGS Cold Wars gunfight thousands of miles from home, 155 soldiers and officers was to, “protect Convention Director, Frank Preziosa’s without any prospect of assistance. the European residents of the area,” since request for me to develop a game based the Katanga Province was breaking away Let’s begin with the history behind the on an historical action in a Netflix movie from the Congo Republic. The U.N. movie, before we move on to how to he had seen. The 2016 movie; The Siege perceived that the white population’s represent both on the tabletop. of Jadotville, follows a group of Irish presence there was at risk from both the rebellious Katangans and, more likely, the local Luba tribe overseeing security for the mining company. PROVISIONS Upon meeting with the Burgomeister (Mayor) of Jadotville, Pat Quinlan discovered that there was no fear or animosity between the local white and African populations, both of which had a long history of making the mining operation into a stable source of income for the area. In fact, the Burgomeister and populace perceived the U.N. to be the problem, 16 and had demonstrated outright hostility to their presence. Quinlan advised his Left: A Carl Gustav 84mm commanders of the facts on the ground; recoilless rifle in use by he was instructed by the U.N. to obey A-Company. his orders, whereupon he organized Below left: Members of defensive positions against any possible A Company outside the Katangan attack. Purfina garage. Below: An Irish Bren gun During the visit into Jadotville crew digging in. itself, the Irish discovered that the Katangan Gendarme was present in force. Unexpectedly, large numbers of Modern European military, including some former French Foreign legionnaires, Belgian 1945+ warfare paratroopers, mercenaries, and soldiers from neighboring Rhodesia and South Africa, were also present and at the ready. Apparently, the Katangan Gendarme was not the only presence demonstrating contempt for the U.N. and Irish military.! Supplies were a concern for Company A. The U.N. had insufficient transports to carry more than the basic provisions and equipment; 60mm mortars and .303 Vickers MGs were the heaviest weapons brought with the command, as well as two WWII-era armored cars (Ford Mk VI). Typical of a British-stylized army at the time, the radios were inadequate for the distance and atmosphere. A telephone was available at the Purfina garage THE ATTACK Burgomeister aware of the Irish activities by phone). Irish sentries, however, were – the primary structure/asset of the The Katangan Gendarme attacked encampment – however, its lines crossed on-duty and able to give the alarm, and Jadotville at 7:35a.m. on 13 September luckily the Irish had their weapons with through the center of Jadotville, as did the 1961. pipes for the water supply. Commandant them at Mass. Quinlan immediately made purchases of The Katangan command had been alerted Although the initial Katangan attack as much food as possible from a local that the Irish were away from their was small and poorly planned, it began store, which was subsequently closed, the trenches attending morning Mass, held a four-day siege and assault. European shopkeeper having been arrested by the by the Chaplain, Father Thomas Fagan civilians joined in the attacks on the Katangans. (a “stay behind” employee of the Purfina U.N./Irish, demonstrating that the U.N. garage made the Gendarme Command/ had no concept of the political conditions in Jadotville. Its slow response meant Below: Company A defend the barricades. Figures by Grubby Tanks. the U.N. military command was unable to assist the Irish. In one of the radio communications that did get to U.N. military command, Quinlan states facetiously, “…could do with some whiskey.” Water was sent instead. THE SURRENDER After four days of assaults, out of ammo and water and following negotiations with the Burgomeister, Colonel Quinlan agreed cease fire terms. The Katangan force had been badly bloodied - up to 300 killed, including 30 mercenaries, and an indeterminate number wounded (with figures ranging from 300-1,000). The Irish on the other hand had been incredibly lucky, with only five wounded in total. Despite Quinlan’s agreeing favorable terms with the Burgomeister, when it came to it, the leader of the Katangan Gendarme demanded that the Irish store and secure their arms and they were taken prisoner. The Irish were held for a month during negotiations for their release. Apparently, the Katangan government 17 had intended to use Company A’s capture WARGAMING THE SIEGE U.N. / IRISH FORCES as bargaining power with the U.N. for The siege lasted four days, with various recognition of the break-away province. The company commander and all officers actions and assaults occurring during The Katangan military objective had been are rated Veteran, but Quinlan counts as that time. For gaming purposes, we have Elite (for FoF, and all add one additional achieved. combined these into three ‘Attacks,’ die of fire to any unit they attach to; FP Although A Company, 35th Battalion had to represent the first three days, with 1D10). All Irish are rated as Experienced tactically defeated a larger enemy force the fourth day being the Irish forced (TQ 8; MQ 8). at Jadotville, the Irish Defence Forces surrender. Several of the historical events • Company Commander - Commandant did not overtly acknowledge the battle. are used in the scenario, but the results Patrick Joseph Quinlan: (FP 1D10; In fact, “Jadotville Jack,” a term for depend on tactics, and of course die MQ 12) surrender, was sometimes applied as a rolls. The following details are given for term of derision among the Irish Defence Force-on-Force (FoF) rules, but are easy • Three Platoon Officers - Cpt. Dermot Forces. The veterans of Jadotville were to modify for any comparable rules set. Byrne (Second-in-Command), Cpt. dissatisfied with the Defence Forces’ While there are no records of the Thomas McGuinn, Cpt. William refusal to acknowledge the battle, Katangan strength, minimal estimates are “Liam” Donnelly: (FP 1D10; MQ 10) and the resulting “black mark” on the that they numbered 2,000-3,000, which • Six Fire Teams: four figures each reputation of their commander. In 2004, meant that Company A was outnumbered (including one Bren Gun in each) an Irish Defence Forces inquiry cleared at least over 10-to-1. The Katangan Quinlan and A Company of allegations of Gendarme was commanded by known • Two Vickers MG Tripod Teams: soldierly misconduct. In 2016, the Irish European veterans of colonial conflict, two crew government awarded a Presidential Unit and the support weapons were operated • Two 60mm Mortars: two crew; Citation to A Company, the first in the by trained Europeans, rather than one shot per turn State’s history. entrusted to local Luba tribesmen. 28MM MINIATURES FOR THE IRISH FORCES IN CONGO Bo Angelstrand offers some thoughts on • Commando Miniatures figures to be used or created for gaming • Britannia Miniatures (Grubby Tanks) Congo Mercenaries The Siege of Jadotville. • Mongrel Miniatures had a nice range of Congo mercenaries There are unfortunately no dedicated 28mm sculpted by Paul Hicks that now seems to have vanished from miniatures for Irish troops during the Congo the market. Badger Games have other ranges from Mongrel so Crisis available, so to field Irish troops hopefully they will also release the Congo range in the future on the tabletop some conversions are required. The good news is though that Miniatures with Support Weapons the basic UN uniform is a short-sleeved Even though the SLR was introduced during the Congo mission, shirt and the trousers are more or less the Irish still used the Lee Enfield .303 No 4 rifle. Period photos the same as the ones used by British show the two rifle types used in the same unit. Since also .303 forces in World War II (but in lighter Bren guns, Vickers machine guns and 60mm mortars were material). A good start is therefore used, British for North Africa (or the Mediterranean), Chindit to look for British World War II miniatures or Gurkhas can be used. These types are available miniatures and/or post-war British in 28mm in both plastic and metal from several sources. Please troops in shirtsleeves armed with note that they should be wearing battle dress (long) trousers and SLRs. If we look more closely at the short-sleeved shirts. Make sure you stay clear of all Thompson different equipment used by the Irish or Sten SMG armed miniatures. Some options available: UN forces, we can find the following options in 28mm scale: • Warlord Games • Artizan Designs SLR Armed Miniatures in • Foundry Miniatures Shortsleeves • The Assault Group • Eureka’s Aden 1967 range (available • Perry Miniatures in Europe from Fighting 15s in the UK) (somewhat smaller/slender than the other ranges listed) Left: Corporal, 32nd Infantry Battalion; Congo, August 1960.