NFS Form 10-900-b UMB No. IIU4-UUIU (Revised March 1992) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several hi . See inst(]j(^io^n115wto Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items.. New Submission Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Historic and Architectural Resources of the County of Boone, Kentucky, 1789-1950 B. Associated Historic Contexts_______________________________ (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) I. Settlement, Socioeconomic Growth, and Maturity of Boone County, 1789-1950 II. Transportation in Boone County, 1789-1950 HI. Commerce and Industry in Boone County, 1789-1950 IV. Agriculture in Boone County, 1789-1950 V. Domestic Architecture of Boone County, 1789-1950 VI. Recreation in Boone County, 1789-1950 VII. Boone County Ethnic Heritage, 1789-1950 VIII. Religion in Boone County, 1789-1950 IX Education in Boone County, 1789-1950 C. Form Prepared by name/title David L. Tavlor. Principal organization Tavlor & Tavlor Associates. Inc. date December, 1999 street & number 9 Walnut Street telephone 814-849-4900 city or town Brookville state PA zip code 15825 D. Certification gnated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the Na- ter documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This ural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 and the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines Preservation. ( __ See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Ekvid L. Morgan, SHPO and A ~ niiw-Lui , HE————————— Signature and t ng official State or federal agency and bureau form has been approved by the National Register as a basis for evaluating related properties for ^ Date Historic and Architectural Resources of the County of Boone. Kentucky Kentucky Name of Multiple Property Listing State Table of Contents for Written Narrative Provide the following information on continuation sheets. Cite the letter and the title before each section of the narrative. Assign page numbers according to the instructions for continuation sheets in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Fill in page numbers for each section in the space below. Page Numbers E. Statement of Historic Contexts E-l through E-26 (If more than one historic context is documented, present them in sequential order.) F. Associated Property Types F-l through F-56 (Provide description, significance, and registration requirements.) G. Geographical Data G-l H. Summary of Identification and Evaluation Methods H-l through H-4 (Discuss the methods used in developing the multiple property listing.) I. Major Bibliographical References I-1 through 1-4 (List major written works and primary location of additional documentation: State Historic Preservation Office, other State agency, Federal agency, local government, university, or other, specifying repository.) Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 120 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. NFS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Historic & Architectural Resources of the County ofBoone, Kentucky Section number E Page 1_____ E. STATEMENT OF HISTORIC CONTEXTS Introduction This Multiple Property Documentation Form was developed in 1999 and presents nine historic contexts which are associated with the historical development and architectural heritage of Boone County, Kentucky. The Period of Significance for the County begins with John Tanner's settlement at Petersburg in 1789 and ends in 1950, corresponding to the National Register fifty-year guideline for registration. This MPDF supercedes an earlier Multiple Resource Area nomination which was prepared in 1988 and was listed in the National Register in 1989. General Physical Landscape Boone County is the northernmost county in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and lies along forty-two miles of the south shore .of the Ohio River, approximately five miles southwest of the City of Cincinnati, Ohio. Except for Boone County's northeastern quadrant, which includes the City of Florence and the Cincinnati/ Northern Kentucky International Airport, most of the county is rural in character. The area's physical landscape is characteristic of rural northern Kentucky in general. Like its neighbors, Boone is divided between two geological zones: the Outer Bluegrass to the east and the Hills of the Bluegrass to the west. 1 The landscape of the Outer Bluegrass varies between rolling and undulating, encouraging agricultural productivity, while the area known as the Hills of the Bluegrass is dominated by steeper slopes with significantly less productive soil. The Ohio River floodplain is essentially flat and varies in dimension between the riverbank and the foot of the hills which overlook the river. Not surprisingly, Boone County's topography was a significant factor which influenced its destiny. The Outer Bluegrass landscape historically enjoyed the advantages of more productive land, giving rise to larger farms served by better transportation routes. As often is the case, this area's physical characteristics and subsequent development encouraged urban sprawl arid large-scale development, particularly in the area of the Airport. Conversely, the more rugged Hills region, with poorer-quality farmland and a significantly less-developed land transportation network, remains largely isolated and thus less threatened by development pressures. The County's best farm land lies along the River at the base of the hills. General Cultural Landscape Boone County shares a common cultural landscape with other northern Kentucky river counties, including Kenton, Pendleton, Gallatin, Grant, and the southern portions of Campbell County. The tradition of building throughout much of the county's Period of Preliminary Survey Report [undated], Boone County, Kentucky (MSS on file with the Boone County Historic Preservation Review Board, Burlington, Kentucky). NFS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Historic & Architectural Resources of the County of Boone, Kentucky Section number E Page 3_____ residents. Between 1600 and 1800, the last two centuries of Native American control prior to Euro- American domination of the area, the indigenous population was reduced by nearly 90%. Boone County was originally part of Woodford County, Virginia, and was created by being split off from Campbell County, Kentucky, in 1798. The county was not officially recognized until the following year, when the seat of government was established at Burlington (then called Wilmington). Typical of most northern Kentucky settlers, pioneers came from the Middle Atlantic states in search of plentiful, fertile, and inexpensive land. The first re­ corded settlement party arrived from Pennsylvania in 1789, soon to be followed by homesteaders from Virginia, New Jersey, Maryland, and the Carolinas. Many also mi­ grated from other parts of Kentucky, including large groups from the counties of Woodford and Scott. Settle­ ment began on the banks of the Ohio, at Tanner's Station (renamed Petersburg in 1814), which was named initially for the Baptist lay preacher John Tanner, who had led the first settlers from Pennsylvania. Initially, the settlers clus­ tered together, venturing outward only after they felt se­ cure from Indian attack. Following the first settlement at Tanner's Station, additional migrations inland saw Boone County settlers ranging across the hills and creek valleys to establish homesteads. In 1794, twelve central Kentucky families from Scott and Woodford Counties established settlements along the Ohio River in the area of the North Bend D. J. Lake's 1883 Atlas shows the county seat of Bottoms, east of Tanner's Station. Burlington to be sparsely populated. At that time the entire county's population was about 12,000. Marginally reliable road networks developed slowly and communities were eventually established inland on the hitherto