NEWBURGH CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL and MANAGEMENT PLAN ECONOMY, PLANNING AND EMPLOYABILITY SERVICES Approved Feb 2018 1 CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction and Purpose 1.1 Conservation Areas 1.2 Purpose of this Document 2.0 Location, History and Development 3.0 Character and Appearance 3.1 Setting 3.2 Street Pattern and Topography 3.3 Buildings and Townscape 3.3.1 Building Types 3.3.2 Distinctive Architectural Styles, Detailing and Materials 3.3.3 Orientation and Density 3.3.4 Key Listed or Unlisted Buildings 3.4 Spaces 3.5 Trees and Landscaping 3.6 Activity and Movement 3.7 Views/Vistas 4.0 Public Realm Audit 4.1 Street Furniture 4.2 Signage 4.3 Surfacing 4.4 Information and Interpretation Boards 4.5 Memorials 5.0 Survey of Specific Issues 5.1 Building Materials and Details 5.2 Pends, Closes and Wynds 6.0 Negative Factors 6.1 Unsympathetic Modern Development or Conversion of Buildings 6.2 Replacement Windows and Doors 7.0 Sensitivity Analysis 7.1 Materials 7.1.1 External Renders 7.1.2 Cement Mortars 7.2 Colours 7.3 Alterations and Additions 2 7.4 Shop fronts 8.0 Buildings at Risk Survey 9.0 Opportunities 9.1 Boundary Refinement 9.2 Article 4 Direction 10.0 Conservation Strategy 10.1 Planning Policy 10.2 Long Term Management 10.3 Customer Guidelines 10.4 Grants and Funding 11.0 Monitoring and Review 12.0 Further Advice 13.0 Recommended Reading and Other Resources Appendix 1: Newburgh Conservation Area Boundary Description and Street Index Appendix 2: Listed Buildings within the Conservation Area Appendix 3: Existing Article 4 Direction use classes Appendix 4: Proposed Article 4 Direction use classes Appendix 5: Key Views/Vistas 3 1.0 In troduction & Purpose 1.1 Conservation Areas In accordance with the provisions contained in the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997 all planning authorities are obliged to consider the designation of conservation areas from time to time. Newburgh conservation area is one of forty-eight conservation a reas located in Fife. These are all areas of special architectural or historic interest , the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance. Fife Council is keen to ensure that the quality of these areas is maintained for the benefit of present and future generations. Conservation a rea designation is not a means to preserve an area without change, but there is a joint responsibility between reside nts and the Council to ensure that change is not indiscriminate or damaging and that the unique character of each area is respected. In this way, communities can benefit from living in an environment of recognisable value. A map showing the conservation ar ea boundary is included below and a written description included in Appendix 1. 1.2 Purpose of this Document Newburgh conservation area was first designated in 1972, and re-designated in 1984, in recognition of its special historical and architectural interest. The appraisal aims to: • confirm the importance of the designation of the area and to review the current conservation area boundaries • highlight the significance of the a rea in terms of townscape, architecture and history • identify important issues affecting the area • identify opportunities for development and enhancement • stimulate interest and participation in conservation issues amongst people living and working in the area • provide a framework f or conservation area management 4 5 2.0 Location, History and Developmen t The town of Newburgh is located on the south bank of the river Tay, 18.5km south-east by road from Perth. It is probable that there were dispersed clusters of settlement in the area in prehistoric times. A late-Bronze Age log boat was found in the Tay, west of the town, near Carpow, where there was also a Roman legionary fort. There was an Iron Age Pictish hill fort at Clatchard Craig to the south of the town, which was occupied between the 6 th and 8th centuries. It was destroyed by quarrying during the late 20 th century. And another on Ormiston Hill southwest of the town. A post-10 th century, Class III stone cross, the Mugdrum Cross, was found locally. However, the origin of present day Newburgh was as a settlement servicing the nearby Tironesian Abbey at Lindores which was founded in 1178. Remnants of harbour jetties. Newburgh is first mentioned by name in charters, in 1261 by Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan and again in 1266, giving leave to the Abbey to hold a weekly market. In the 15 th century the Abbey became for a short while an important local cult shine for David Duke of Albany, attracting pilgrims from the region or perhaps diverting them on-route to St Andrews . From the later 15 th century there was a chapel on what is now the High Street. St Duthlac Katherine and St Mary Magdalene mentioned in a charter of 1470. It was rebuilt between 1502 and 1513; became a parish church (St Katherine’s) in 1622; was demolished and rebuilt in 1832; and finally demolished in the 1960s. The site is now occupied by a modern residential development (St Katherine’s Court). A commemorative plaque (left) marks the spot. Newburgh was elected a Burgh of Barony in 1508/9 Plaque recording the site of the former 15 th century chapel located off and became a Royal Burgh, under a charter granted the High Street. by Charles I, in 1631. It is shown as a town in its own right, separate from the Abbey, as ‘Newbeuch’ on a James Gordon map of 1642, and using the current spelling on his map of 1652; on other contemporary maps as ‘Newbruch’ (Joan Bleau); and ‘Newbrough’ (Herman Moll). 6 1758 dated panel over door 58, 60 High Street. The first major period of growth and town building Modern sculpture of salmon on the occurred in the 18 th century, with the first agricultural site of the former Tayside floor cloths works. and industrial revolutions. The business of the town was initially centered on the river, as a busy port, transferring goods on route to and from Perth and Dundee or importing and exporting produce to and from the Fife hinterland. The Old Statistical Account (OSA), compiled between 1791 and 1799 describes ‘The Shore’ as a distinct area located ‘…a few yards north of the town’, where there were three continuous piers. From the late 18th century the town was well known for its salmon fishing. Extract from Gordon’s map of 1642. Source: National Library of Scotland The conservation area includes much of the town burgh as defined by the line of the Municipal boundary shown on the Ordnance Survey map of 1854, which excludes The Shore area. 7 Extract from Joan Blaeu 1654 imprint of James Gordon map. Source: National Library of Scotland. The OSA notes salmon fishing as ‘a considerable source of wealth’ . The salmon was sent by ship to London’s Billingsgate market packed in ice. A commercial icehouse was built in the town in 1765 by John Richardson of Pitfour, a Perth salmon merchant who developed the trade and made Newburgh a center. Extract from Timothy Pont map pasted onto later Robert Gordon map 1636-52. Source: National Library of Scotland. Westwood's Directory for the counties of Fife & Kinross published 1862 notes : ‘A considerable trade in grain is carried on, with a weekly fair for corn. The harbour consists of a long pier parallel to the river with 4 jetties at right angles to it. There are 20 vessels belonging to the port, of the aggregate burden of 1256 tons; and one packet is regularly engaged in conveying raw material and manufactured produce between the town and 8 Dundee. The principal exports are lime, grain and potatoes; while coal, timber and other miscellaneous goods form the imports.’ Groome’s Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland (1882-4) described the harbor as consisting of a long pier parallel to the river, and five projecting piers at right angles to it. The OSA notes that ‘until the previous few years’ most of the population were ‘husbandmen’ plus other trades, ‘but their small portions of land had been bought by Mugdrum so now they had only one occupation’, mostly weaving in the winter and seafaring in the summer months. It was further noted that Perth received ‘…its most expert sailors from the district’, and in times of war the Navy. Local boats also went to sea to fish for sprats. Extract from Ordnance Survey 1 st edition Six inch map of 1854. Source: National Library of Scotland. There was a second period of town growth during the 19 th century, in response to the further agricultural and industrial ‘improvement’. This included improvements to road and rail communications. Westwood's Directory for the Counties of Fife & Kinross published 1862 noted that the town was ‘…traversed by the turnpike road from Cupar to Perth, and has a station on the Perth fork of the Edinburgh Perth & Dundee Railway’. The town had a railway station from 1848 (Edinburgh and Northern Railway) until 1906 when a new, relocated, station was opened, eventually closing in 1955. Westwood's Directory in 1862 notes that the linen trade as the chief employer in the town. The Tay Works linen mill operated until the end of the 19 th century (shown on 1912 Ordnance Survey map as ‘Disused’ ). From 1891 the Tayside 9 Floorcloth Works became the main employer. The same 1912 map also shows extensive tree planting within the burgage plots, probably the fruit orchards for which Newburgh was once well known, now greatly reduced, with few trees left south of the High Street.