Insider Guide V1.0 February 2006 The INSIDER GUIDE to Planning XC166 Family Designs An Engineers Introduction to the XC166 Family Microcontrollers An Insiders Guide to Planning XC166 Family Designs © Copyright Hitex (UK) Ltd. 19/12/2005 Edition 2006-02-22 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 München, Germany All Rights Reserved. Attention please! The information herein is given to describe certain components and shall not be considered as a guarantee of characteristics. Terms of delivery and rights to technical change reserved. We hereby disclaim any and all warranties, including but not limited to warranties of non- infringement, regarding circuits, descriptions and charts stated herein. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). Warnings Due to technical requirements components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies Components may only be used in life-support devices or systems with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body, or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. Insiders Guide 2 V1.0, 2006-02 An Insiders Guide to Planning XC166 Family Designs Revision History: 2006-02 V1.0 Previous Version: none Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) We Listen to Your Comments Any information within this document that you feel is wrong, unclear or missing at all? Your feedback will help us to continuously improve the quality of this document. Please send your proposal (including a reference to this document) to: [email protected] Insiders Guide 3 V1.0, 2006-02 An Insiders Guide to Planning XC166 Family Designs Credits Authors: Michael Beach David Greenhill Editor: Alison Wenlock Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Karl Smith, Mike Copeland and Manfred Choutka of Infineon Technologies plus Joachim Klein of Hitex Development Tools GmbH. for their contributions to this book. Preface This guide contains basic information that is useful when doing your first XC166 family design. There are many simple facts which, if they are known at the outset, can save a lot of time and money. Overall, it is intended to complement the user manuals by putting things into a practical context. Some of the material can be found in the XC166 family databooks but most of it is simply the result of our practical experience and so is only to be found here. The topics covered are those that are not obvious or are often missed out. Where the user manuals provide a satisfactory explanation, you will be referred back to them, rather than duplicating information here. This is by no means a complete reference work and a lot of additional information can be found on the Infineon website. Note: While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained within this guide, Hitex cannot be held responsible for the consequences of any errors contained therein. Any subjective or anecdotal information presented is not necessarily the official view of either Hitex Development Tools Ltd. or Infineon Technologies AG. Prepared By: Michael Beach David Greenhill With additional material from: Karl Smith, Infineon Technologies UK Joachim Klein, Hitex Development Tools Insiders Guide 4 V1.0, 2006-02 An Insiders Guide to Planning XC166 Family Designs Contents 1 RISC Architectures For Embedded Applications 11 1.1 Introduction...............................................................................................11 1.2 Behind The C166S V2’s Near-RISC Core ................................................11 1.2.1 Conventional CISC Bottle-necks...............................................................12 1.3 The RISC Architecture For Embedded Control.........................................13 1.3.1 Bus Interface.............................................................................................13 1.3.2 RISC Interrupt Response..........................................................................14 1.3.3 Registers And Multi-Tasking.....................................................................14 1.3.4 Coping With RISC Instruction Set (Apparent) Omissions .........................17 1.4 RISC And Real World Peripherals............................................................18 1.4.1 RISC Benefits In Embedded Applications.................................................19 1.5 Traditional RISC v New RISC...................................................................20 2 Getting Started With The XC166 23 2.1 Basic Considerations ................................................................................23 2.1.1 Family Overview .......................................................................................23 2.1.2 Fundamental Design Factors....................................................................23 2.1.3 Setting The CPU Hardware Configuration Options...................................23 2.2 Calculating The Pull-Down Resistor Values..............................................25 2.2.1 Pull-Up Resistor Calculations ...................................................................26 2.3 Start-Up Configuration ..............................................................................27 2.3.1 Internal Start Configuration.......................................................................27 2.3.2 External Start Configuration......................................................................28 2.4 Reset Control............................................................................................30 2.5 Clock Speeds And Sources ......................................................................31 2.5.1 PLL Start Up .............................................................................................32 2.5.2 External Bus Start.....................................................................................32 2.5.3 Internal ROM Start....................................................................................33 2.5.4 Choice Of Clock Speed ............................................................................33 2.5.5 Choosing The PLLCON Values ................................................................35 2.6 Generating The Clock...............................................................................37 2.6.1 Designing Clock Circuits...........................................................................37 2.6.2 Oscillator Modules ....................................................................................37 2.6.3 Designing Crystal Oscillator Circuits.........................................................38 2.6.4 Crystal Oscillator Components Test Procedure........................................38 2.6.5 Laying Out Clock Circuits..........................................................................41 2.6.6 Symptoms Of A Poor Clock ......................................................................41 2.7 Real Time Clock Oscillator........................................................................42 2.8 Further Information On Oscillator Design .................................................42 3 Bus Modes And Timings 43 3.1 Flexible Bus Interface ...............................................................................43 3.1.1 Integral Chip Selects.................................................................................43 3.2 Setting The Bus Mode ..............................................................................44 3.2.1 On-Chip Boot............................................................................................44 3.2.2 External Boot ............................................................................................44 3.3 Setting The Overall Addressing Capabilities.............................................45 3.3.1 External Memory Access Times ...............................................................45 3.3.2 Calculating The Bus Timing Parameters For A Multiplexed Bus...............46 3.3.3 Calculating The Bus Timing For A Demultiplexed Bus .............................48 3.3.4 A Tool For Calculating The Bus Timing Parameters.................................49 3.3.5 Bus Settings For Commonly-Used Memory Devices ................................49 Insiders Guide 5 V1.0, 2006-02 An Insiders Guide to Planning XC166 Family Designs 4 Interfacing To External Memory Devices 51 4.1 Using 16-Bit Memory Devices...................................................................52 4.2 Using Byte-Wide Memory Devices In 16-bit XC166 Systems...................55 4.3 Using The XC166 With Byte-Wide Memories And #BHE .........................56 4.4 Using DRAM With The XC166 Family ......................................................57 4.5 Using FLASH Memory Cards With The XC166 ........................................58 4.5.1 Cheap Gigabyte Storage ..........................................................................58 4.5.2 Using CompactFLASH Cards For XC166 Program Updates....................58 4.5.3 Interfacing SD/Multimedia