TYPES OF DOSAGE FORMS AND THEIR DEFINITIONS Presented by R Ananthakumar, M.Pharm .,(Ph.D) Associate professor School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS) 1 TYPES OF DOSAGE FORMS AND THEIR DEFINITIONS : Definition: The manner in which drug substance are presented in the market (e.g- solids, liquids or semi solids) Need for convert drug to dosage forms: 1-Accurate dose. 2-Protection e.g. coated tablets, sealed ampoules. 3-Protection from gastric juice. 4-Masking taste and odor (to make palatable). 5-Placement of drugs within body tissues. 6-Sustained release medication. 7-Controlled release medication. 8-Optimal drug action. 9-Insertion of drugs into body cavities (rectal, vaginal) 10-Use of desired vehicle for insoluble drugs. 2 Need for different dosage form of same drug To minimize discomfort and instant relief and improve patient compliance Desirable properties of dosage form: Should: • Convenient to handle, use and store • Stable during storage and use • Withstand mechanical shock during transport • Flexibility in different drug strength • Provide expected therapeutic effect • Extent, drug release, onset, intensity, duration of action predictable • Economical and elegant 3 Classification Physical state Route of Administration Based on Site of Application Uses 4 Based on Physical state Miscellaneous 5 6 Based on Route of administration Oral Parenteral Rectal Urethral 1. Powders 1. Solutions 1. Suppositories 1. Suppositories 2. Tablets 2. Suspensions 2. Enemas 3. Capsules 3. Emulsions 3. Ointments Sublingual 4. Solutions Intra respiratory - Aerosols 1. Tablets 5. Suspensions Trans dermal Vaginal 2. Lozenges 6. Emulsions 1. Ointments 1. Suppositories 7. Syrups 2. Creams 2. Tablets Intranasal 8. Elixirs 3. Powders 3. Ointments 1. Solutions 9. Magmas 4. Pastes 4. Creams 2. Sprays 10. Gels 5. Lotions 5. Douches 3. Inhalations 11. Cachets 6. Plasters Conjuntival - Ointments 12. Pills Intra ocular – Solutions, Suspensions, Ointments 7 Site of Application 1. Skin- Ointments, creams, lotions, liniments 2. Eye- Solutions, ointments, creams 3. Tooth- Tooth powder, tooth paste 4. Hand- Hand creams, lotions, hand washings 5. Foot- Creams, ointments, dusting powders 6. Hair- Hair cream, hair lotions, shampoos, hair fixing 7. Nasal- Solutions, sprays, inhalations Uses 1. Internal – all preparations except external 2. External – Ointments, lotions, creams, powders, solutions, liniments, paste, hair dyes, hair colorants 8 Definitions : Solid dosage forms – Powders : Solid dosage forms containing finely divided particles in micron size – Tablets : Solid dosage form containing medicaments with or without excipients – Granules : Aggregate of particles – Capsules : Drug enclosed with gelatin capsule – Cachets : Drugs enclosed with wafer sheet of rice – Pills : Small tablet containing excipients – Lozenges : Solid preparations containing sugar and gum used to medicate mouth and throat – Suppositories : Solid dosage containing medicaments with suitable suppository base that inserted in to the body cavities other than mouth, like rectum, nose, ear – Poultices : Solid dosage form converted to paste like preparation used externally in the skin to reduce inflammation 9 Definitions: Liquid dosage forms 1. Collodions : Liquid preparations for external use having nitro cellulose used to protect the skin 2. Droughts : Liquid preparations for oral containing medicaments available in single dose or multiple dose 3. Elixirs : Liquid preparation for oral containing medicaments with suitable excipients 4. Emulsions : Biphasic liquid dosage form for oral containing medicaments in which fine oil globules dispersed in continuous phase 5. Suspensions : Biphasic liquid dosage form for oral containing medicaments in which fine solid particles suspended in continuous phase 6. Enemas : Liquid preparation for rectal containing medicaments 10 7. Gargles : Concentrated aqueous solutions for external use used to treat throat infections 8. Gels : Aqueous colloidal suspensions containing medicaments used as antacids 9. Linctuses : Viscous, liquid oral preparations used to relief cough 10. Lotions : Liquid preparations for external application usually applied without friction 11. Liniments : Liquid preparations for external application usually applied with friction 12. M ixtures : Liquid oral preparations containing one or more medicaments 13. Mouth washes : Concentrated aqueous solutions for external use used to treat mouth infections and oral hyginic 11 14. Nasal drops : Liquid preparations containing medicaments that are instilled in to the nose with a dropper used to treat nose infections and blockage of nose 15. Paints : Liquid preparations for external application to the skin or mucous membrane with soft brush 16. Solutions : Clear liquid preparation containing with or without medicaments used to internal or external preparations 17. Syrups : Sweet, viscous, concentrated liquid preparations containing with or without sugar and medicaments 12 Definitions: Semisolid dosage forms 1. Ointments : Semisolid dosage forms for external use containing with or without medicaments with suitable ointment base 2. Creams : Semisolid dosage forms for external use containing with or without medicaments with suitable fatty base 3. Paste : Semisolid dosage forms for external use containing high proportion of finely powdered medicaments with suitable fatty base 4. Gels : Transparent semisolid dosage forms for external use containing hydrophilic or hydrophobic base with gelling agents 5. Poultices : Semisolid dosage forms for external use containing medicaments applied to the skin to hold the dressing and protective 13 Definitions: Gaseous dosage forms 1. Aerosols : Suspension of fine solid or liquid particles with gas used to apply drug to respiratory tract having atomizer with in device 2. Inhalations : Internal liquid preparations containing medicaments dissolved in suitable solvent or if insoluble suspended in the propellent 3. Sprays : Gaseous preparations of drugs containing alcohol applied to mucous membrane of nose or throat with atomizer or nebulizer 14 Thank you 15.