اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾــــﺔ اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮﯾــــﺔ اﻟﺪﯾﻤﻘﺮاﻃﯿـــــﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺒﯿــــﺔ وزارة اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿـﻢ اﻟﻌﺎﻟـﻲ واﻟﺒﺤـﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـــﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻮري ﻗﺴﻨﻄﯿﻨـــﺔ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻜﯿﻤـــﯿﺎء ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ : ..................... ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴل : .................... رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻨﯿﻞ درﺟﺔ دﻛﺘﻮراه اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﻛﯿﻤﯿﺎء ﻋﻀﻮﯾﺔ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻛﯿﻤﯿﺎء اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﺘﺤﺕ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ إﺳﺘﺨﻼص ، ﻓﺼﻞ وﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻨﯿﺎت ﻣﻨﺘﻮج اﻟﻤﯿﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺰم اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﺒﺎت ﺟﻨﺲ Centaurea : C. acaulis و C. maroccana ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ : ﺑﻦ ﺗﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ : ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺴﻤﻴﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻴﺎﺵ ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﻭﺭﻱ ﻗﺴﻨﻁﻴﻨﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻴﺎﺵ ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫﺓ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﻭﺭﻱ ﻗﺴﻨﻁﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓﻭﻤﺸﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲ ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﻟﺨﻀﺭ ﺒﺎﺘﻨﺔ ﻤﻤﺘﺤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻗﻭﻴﺩﺭ ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﻟﺨﻀﺭ ﺒﺎﺘﻨﺔ ﻤﻤﺘﺤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺨﺎﻟﺩ ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﻟﺨﻀﺭ ﺒﺎﺘﻨﺔ ﻤﻤﺘﺤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺒﻠﻘﺎﺴﻡ ﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭ ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﺠﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺎﺒﺔ ﻤﻤﺘﺤﻨﺎ ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ 2004 ﺘﺸﻜﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ ﷲ ﺃﻭﻻ ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ ، ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ . ﺃﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﻓﺎﻥ ﻟﻸﺴﺘﺎﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻴﺎﺵ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎﺒﺫﻟﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ، ﺭﻏﻡ ﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﻁﻪ ﺒﻬﺎ . ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺒﺨﺎﻟﺹ ﺘﺸﻜﺭﺍﺘﻲ ﻟﻸﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺴﻤﻴﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻴﺎﺵ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻔﻀﻠﻪ ﺒﻘﺒﻭﻟﻪ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ، ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﻜﺭﻩ ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺌﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﻲ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻱ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ . ﻭﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﺨﺎﻟﺹ ﺘﺸﻜﺭﺍﺘﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺘﺫﺓ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲ ، ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻗﻭﻴﺩﺭ ، ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺨﺎﻟﺩ ﻭﺒﻠﻘﺎﺴﻡ ﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻭﻟﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ، ﻭﻟﻴﺠﺩﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻜل ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ . ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺒﺫﻟﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻬﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺍﺕ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ Jaime Bermejo Barreraﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﺘﺸﻜﺭﺍﺘﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺘﺭﺒﺼﻲ ﺒﻤﺨﺒﺭﻩ ﺒﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﻴﻨﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﺴﺒﺎﻨﻴﺔ، ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﻜﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺤﻀﻴﺕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ . ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺒﺫﻟﻭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻬﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺍﺕ Joel Creche ﻭ Marc Rideauﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﺘﺸﻜﺭﺍﺘﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫﻴﻥ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺘﺭﺒﺼﻲ ﺒﻤﺨﺒﺭﻫﻡ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ . ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ ﻻ ﺃﻨﺱ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺘﻲ ﻭﺘﺸﺠﻴﻌﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻌﻴﺩ . ﺍﻹﻫﺩﺍﺀ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻤﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺒﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻫﻴﺜﻡ ، ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭ ﺃﻤﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﻟىﺈﺨﻭﺘﻲ اﻟﻔﮭﺮس 1ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ............................................................................................................................ Centaurea)........................................................................................ 3) – ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺠﻨﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻨﺘﻭﺭﻴﺎ I 4 ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺒﺭﻨﺎ ....................................................Centaurea – ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺠﻨﺱ I.1 1.1.I – Centaurea incana........................................................................................ 4 2.1.I – l . Ctaurea calcitrapa................................................................................... 8 3.1.I – Centaurea pullata ..................................................................................... 10 4.1.I – Centaurea musimomum ...............................................................................10 5.1.I – Centaurea nicaensis .................................................................................. 13 6.1.I – Centaurea furfuracea.................................. ..............................................16 7.1.I Centaurea napifolia..................................................... ................................ 17 8.1.I – Centaurea parviflora ................................................................................. 18 9.1.I – Centaurea pungens.................................................................................... 19 10.1.I – Centaurea lippii............................................... .... .................................19 20 ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺎﺒﺭ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ .................................................Centaurea – ﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺠﻨﺱ I.2 1.2.I – Centaurea aspera l.................. ....................................................................20 2.2.I – Centaurea pabotu............................. ........................................................21 3.2.I – Centaurea bella.................................... ....................................................21 4.2.I – Centaurea melitensise l....... ........................................................................21 5.2.I – Centaurea collina......................... .............................................................21 6.2.I – Centaurea montana............ ........................................................................21 7.2.I – Centaurea nicolai................................... ..................................................21 . 22 - ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺴﻜﻭﻱ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﻥ ﻻﻜﺘﻭﻥ ................................................................................. II 22................................ - ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺴﻜﻭﻱ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﻥ ﻻﻜﺘﻭﻥ ................................. II.1 ﻤﺩﺨل ........................................................................................................ II.1.1 22 ...........................................(Biogénèse) - ﺍﻹﺼﻁﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ II.2.1 ................................23 – ﺍﻹﺼﻁﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺴﻜﻭﻱ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﻥ ﻻﻜﺘﻭﻥ .................................................................. II.3.1 26 .................................. – ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺴﻜﻭﻱ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﻥ ﻻﻜﺘﻭﻥ ...........................II.4.1 31 33 - ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜل ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ........................................................................... II.5.1 .................................... - ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﻜﻭﻱ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﻥ ﻻﻜﺘﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﺤﻠﻘﻴﺔ ................................II.1.5.1 33 - ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﻜﻭﻱ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﻥ ﻻﻜﺘﻭﻥ ﻭﺤﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ................................................................... II.2.5.1 33 - ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻤﺎﻜﺭﺍﻨﻭﻟﻴﺩﺍﺕ ..................................................................................... II.1.2.5.1 33 - ﺍﻟﻬﻠﻴﺎﻨﻘﻭﻟﻴﺩﺍﺕ ....................................................................................... II.1.1.2.5.1 33 - ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻤﺒﻭﻟﻴﺩﺍﺕ ....................................................................................... II.2.1.2.5.1 33 ﺃﻭﺩﺴﻤﺎﻨﻭﻟﻴﺩﺍﺕ - 1,10 ....................................................................... - - ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭII.2.2.5.1 35 - ﺍﻹﻟﻤﺎﻨﻭﻟﻴﺩﺍﺕ .......................................................................................... II.3.2.5.1 35 - ﺍﻟﻜﺯﺍﻨﺜﺎﻨﻭﻟﻴﺩﺍﺕ ........................................................................................ II.4.2.5.1 36 - ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﻜﻭﻱ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﻥ ﻻﻜﺘﻭﻥ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ .................................................................... II.3.5.1 36 ............................ - ﺍﻷﻭﺩﺴﻤﺎﻨﻭﻟﻴﺩﺍﺕ ..........................................................II.1.3.5.1 36 ............................ - ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻴﺎﻨﻭﻟﻴﺩﺍﺕ ..............................................................II.2.3.5.1 37 -ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻭﺩﻭﻗﺎﻴﺎﻨﻭﻟﻴﺩﺍﺕ ..................................................................................... II.3.3.5.1 37 - ﺍﻹﺭﻤﻭﻓﻴﻼﻨﻭﻟﻴﺩﺍﺕ ..................................................................................... II.4.3.5.1 38 - ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻜﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺩﺍﺕ .......................................................................................... II.5.3.5.1 38 - ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﻜﻭﻱ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﻥ ﻻﻜﺘﻭﻥ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎﺕ ................................................................. II.4.5.1 39 - ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ .............................................................II.6.1 39.......................... 42 - ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﻜﻭﻱ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﻥ ﻻﻜﺘﻭﻥ ............................................................ III 42.............................................................. - ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻑ ....................................III.1 43................................................ - ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺨﻼﺹ .............................................III.2 43.... - ﻁﺭﻕ ﻓﺼل ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﻜﻭﻱ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﻥ ﻻﻜﺘﻭﻥ .......................................................................III.3 C.C....................... ........................................................43 – ﻜﺭﻭﻤﺎﺘﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩ III .1.3 C.C.M.................. ..................................................44 – ﻜﺭﻭﻤﺎﺘﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ III .2.3 44..................................................................................................... - ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺔ III.4 44....................................................................... - ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ...............III.5 .................................................... - ﻋﻤﻭﻤﻴﺎﺕ ............................................III.1.5 44 ............................................................................................ - ﻤﻁﻴﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ III.2.5 45 .................................................... - ﺍﻟﺭﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻁﻴﺴﻲ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩﻴﻥ ................III.3.5 45 .............................................................. - ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ..................................III.1.3.5 45 46........................ - ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ .................................................................................IV C. maroccana.................................. ........................46 ﻭ C. acaulis - ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻟـ IV.1 - ﻭﻀﻊ ﻫﺎﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺘﺘﻴﻥ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ..................................................... IV.1.1 46 ................................................................................... acaulis - ﻭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ IV.2.1 47 .............................................................................. maroccana - ﻭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ IV.3.1 47 47 - ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ........................ ........................................................................... IV.2 1.2.IV - Centaurea acaulis ...................................................................................47 2.2.IV - Centaurea maroccana.................................... ......................................... 47 48 - ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ........................................... ..................................................... IV.3 - ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺨﻼﺹ .............................................................................................