European Studies of Population 21 Dimitri Mortelmans Editor Divorce in Europe New Insights in Trends, Causes and Consequences of Relation Break-ups European Studies of Population The book series “European Studies of Population” (ESPO) aims at disseminating population research with special relevance for Europe. The series is multidisciplinary in character and includes both formal demographic analyses, as well as studies of the social, economic and other determinants and impacts of population trends. International comparison is of prime interest to ESPO, and both contemporary and historical perspectives may be applied. ESPO is open to methodological work and theoretical studies, as well as to studies that focus on the social and policy implications of demographic trends. The series includes monographs and edited volumes. ESPO is published under the auspices of the European Association for Population Studies (EAPS). More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5940 Dimitri Mortelmans Editor Divorce in Europe New Insights in Trends, Causes and Consequences of Relation Break-ups Editor Dimitri Mortelmans Department of Sociology University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium ISSN 1381-3579 European Studies of Population ISBN 978-3-030-25837-5 ISBN 978-3-030-25838-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25838-2 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and the Author(s) 2020. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. 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The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland IN MEMORY OF JAAP DRONKERS 1945–2016 Contents 1 Introduction ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Dimitri Mortelmans Part I On Divorce Trends 2 The Conceptual and Empirical Challenges of Estimating Trends in Union Stability: Have Unions Become More Stable in Britain? . 17 Diederik Boertien 3 On Increasing Divorce Risks . 37 Michael Wagner 4 Divorce Trends in Seven Countries Over the Long Transition from State Socialism: 1981–2004 ������������������������������������������������������������ 63 Juho Härkönen, Sunnee Billingsley, and Maria Hornung Part II Divorce Risks 5 The Negative Female Educational Gradient of Union Dissolution: Towards an Explanation in Six European Countries ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 93 Maike van Damme 6 The More the Merrier? The Effect of Children on Divorce in a Pronatalist Society . 123 Amit Kaplan, Miri Endeweld, and Anat Herbst-Debby vii viii Contents Part III Consequences of Divorce for Ex-partners 7 Gray Divorce and Social and Emotional Loneliness . 147 Robin S. Högnäs 8 Does Divorce Penalize Elderly Fathers in Receiving Help from Their Children? Evidence from Russia . 167 Margot Maes, Gert Thielemans, and Ekaterina Tretyakova 9 Coping Strategies of Migrant Ex-partners. Does Work, Family, or a New Partner Help You Through the Dark Times? ���������� 183 Dimitri Mortelmans, Layla Van den Berg, and Gert Thielemans 10 Multi-dimensional Subjective Wellbeing and Lone Parenthood Following Divorce in Flanders (Northern Belgium) . 211 Sam Jenkinson, Hideko Matsuo, and Koenraad Matthys 11 Knotting the Safety Net. A Multi-Actor Family Network Approach in Divorce Research . 237 Vera de Bel and Dries Van Gasse Part IV Divorce and the Parent-Child Relationship 12 Public Attitudes Toward Shared Custody: The Czech Republic . 253 Petr Fučík 13 Feelings of Guilt in the Family: The Case of Divorced Parents . 271 Matthijs Kalmijn 14 Quality of Non-resident Father-Child Relationships: Between “Caring for” and “Caring About” ������������������������������������������ 291 Aušra Maslauskaitė and Artūras Tereškinas Part V Consequences for Children 15 Childbearing Across Partnerships in Finland and Germany �������������� 315 Marika Jalovaara and Michaela Kreyenfeld 16 Post-Divorce Dual-Household Living Arrangements and Adolescent Wellbeing ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 337 Peter Fallesen and Michael Gähler 17 Floor Effects or Compensation of Social Origin? The Relation Between Divorce and Children’s School Engagement According to Parents’ Educational Level ������������������������ 355 Nele Havermans, Gray Swicegood, and Koenraad Matthijs About the Authors Sunnee Billingsley is associate professor of Sociology at Stockholm University. Her current research interests comprise the effects of social stratification, social policy, and social change on demographic patterns. Her research has involved both comparative and microlevel analyses of fertility and mortality trends. Much of her past research involved post-socialist countries. Diederik Boertien is sociologist working at the Centre for Demographic Research in Barcelona. He is interested in issues related to family dynamics and inequality and has published in journals such as Demography, European Sociological Review, and Journal of Marriage and Family. Vera de Bel is a PhD candidate in the Department of Sociology at the University of Groningen. She studies the consequences of parental divorce on the structure of relationships among parents, children, grandparents, aunts/uncles, and stepfamily members, for which she collected family network data. Miri Endeweld PhD, serves as the director of Economic Research Department in the Israeli National Insurance Institute (NII). She is the editor of the national pov- erty and social gaps report and the annual report of the NII. Her main research inter- ests are poverty and inequality, mobility, and labor market. She holds a PhD in Labor Studies from Tel Aviv University. Peter Fallesen (twitter: @pfallesen) is a senior researcher at the Rockwool Foundation in Copenhagen, Denmark, and an associate professor of Sociology at the Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Sweden. His research interests include family demography, child welfare, mental health, and criminal justice contacts. His recent work deals with timing and causes of divorce, how changes in welfare benefits affect family stability, and the efficacy of medical treatment of behavioral disorders on children’s long-term outcomes. ix x About the Authors Petr Fučík is a sociologist at the Office for Population Studies at Masaryk University in the Czech Republic. His research focuses on the postdivorce adapta- tion processes with the connection to the social reproduction, stratification, and gender topics. Michael Gähler is professor of Sociology at Stockholm University. His research interests include family sociology and ethnic and gender inequality on the labor market. More specifically, he studies the effects of divorce and separation for chil- dren and adults; the occurrence and extent of employer discrimination by ethnicity, gender, and parenthood; and the effects of parenthood for men’s and women’s careers and wages. Juho Härkönen is professor of Sociology at the European University Institute (EUI) in Florence, Italy, while on leave from Stockholm University. He completed his PhD at the EUI in 2007, under the supervision of Jaap Dronkers. His research focuses on family demography, social inequality, life course research, and compara- tive research, and he has published several articles on divorce and family dynamics in European Journal of Population, European Sociological Review, Demographic Research, Journal of Marriage and Family, Population Studies, and other journals and books. He is coeditor of Advances in Life Course Research. Nele Havermans received a PhD in Social Sciences at the University of Leuven at the research group Family and Population Studies (CeSO). In her doctoral research, she focused on the impact of structural and relational family characteristics on chil- dren’s educational outcomes. She published several articles on the relation between divorce and children’s educational outcomes. Since 2017, she is working as a senior researcher at HIVA Research