ACADEMY RE,PORTS lNo. 1l INCAI{T}ESC&I{i]T trLLUMII{ATION 19?8 ACADEKI.Y OF'MOTION PICTURB ARTS AND SCIBNCES ACADEMY REPORTS (No. l) Transactions, Enquiries, Demonstrations, Tests, Etc., On the Subject of IN CANDESCENT IL LUMINATION AS APPLIED TO MOTION PICTURE PRODUCTION /fir','\*/ Conducted by the ACADEMY OF MOTIONPICTURE ARTS AND SCIENCES In Co-operation with American Society of Cinematographers and Association of Motion Piiture Producers . During the Months of January, February, March and April, 1928 With an Appendix bringing the report forward to July, 1928 Copyrighted By the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences 1928 r CONTENTS PAGE INrnooucronv SrarnrrpNT -------------- 4 TrraNrs dp Acaoniuv 5 AcaoBnav Pnocnnorucs -----------------------------:-------- 5 QunsrrowxalREs ro Srunros 9 RBpr,rBsro QursrroNNArRES - ------------------ l0 Tnsrs aNo DnnaoNsrRATIoNS--"- ExnrsrrroN or Tnsr Frr,nrs ---------------------- 2l REPORTSOF TRANSACTIONS Marr-Up awo Cor-on Var-uns------- 22 Paprn Bv Davm Facron-------- 23 Paprn Bv LoN CsaNnv------ 25 Papnn Bv Lovp A. JoNns----- 29 INcaNoescpNTAND Anc LrcHrs 39 Papnn Bv E. W. Bnccs--- 39 A' Paprn Bv A. C. DowNs aNp D. B. Jov-------- AL Papnn Bv Dn. LvNooN------- 48 Lrxsrs ron CrNnlrerocRAPHY---- 52 Papnn Bv W. B. RavroN-- 52 FrNar. SBssroNor Acaonuv 55 AppoNorx 6/ DnnrNrrroN -"---------- 67 OnoBnrNc Larrps 67 EeurpltrNr Dnscmsnp 68 Tpsrs Bv PanenrouNT-------------- 74 BrsLrocnapHY ---------------- 78 Acapnntv Mnltennsurp------------------- 79 INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT The following reports are compiled from the records of Academy Transactions, Studio Enquiries, Demonstrations, Tests, prepared papers and discussions on the subject of Incandescent (Mazda) Illum' irr.tion, conducted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sci- ences in cooperation with the American Society of Cinematographers and the Association of Motion Picture Producers, during the months of January, February, March and April, 1928' The Records start with excerpts from the minutes of the monthly | 6, meeting of the Technicians' Branch of the Academy, .November 1927, when the project of incandescent illumination investigations of had its inception, and ends with a transcript of the proceedings closed the final Academy meeting, April 20. when the investigations papers sub- for the present. There are also added an Appendix of of publica' mitted after the investigations closed and a Bibliography tions referring to the subject of incandescent and other illumination' as of together with a corrected list of Academy officers and members -July I ,1928. here pre- itr. results of nearly four months of intensive study, have sented, while in no way intended to be final or conclusive' been manifold and valuable to the industry.. cinematographers, the new form technicians and directors have become acquainted with of incandescent of illumination; the value and present limitations for both lighting have been revealed; lamps, carbons and equipment make-up ttrt"ra" and arc illumination have been vastly improved; has demon- of artists has been corrected, and, finally, the Academy problem in motion strated its utility in helping to solve a practical industry as a picture economy, science and art of great value to the whole. is one other These are concrete, constructive achievements' There a cost or qual- result of equal importance that cannot be measured on profession as ity basis, and that is the effect on the morale of the demonstrated by the fine spirit of co-operation and harmony with joined which various organizations, corporations and individuals to- gether in striving for a common object. THANKS OF THE ACADEMY The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and American Societyof Cinematographers. Sciences is indebted to the American Society of Associationof Motion Picture Producers. National Lamp'Works of Electric Co. Cinematographers and the Association of Motion General Make-Up Artists' Association. joint Picture Producers for active co-operation and Societyof Motion Picture Engineers. responsibility in the conduct of the investigations General Electric Company. herein recorded. Acknowledgement is also due to KeeseEngineering Company ( Cooper-Hewitt) . many other organizations, corporations and indi- National Carbon Company. Garden Court Apartments. ir.€i viduals {or contributions. of material, services and -* : B. De generous assistance,especially to Warner Bros., who Cecil Mille studiolaboratory. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer laboratory. gave period over the use'of their studio for a of Paramount-FamousLasky laboratory. two months. William Fox Vaudeville Company. Following is a list of those not members to whom United Artists' Studio Corporation. the Academy expressesits warm thanks and appre- Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation. ciation: Universal Pictures Corporation. Warner Bros.' Laboratory. Mole-Richardson,Inc. Doraldina,Inc. William Fox laboratory. Deitz Lamp Co. Willard B. Cook. First National laboratory Eastman Kodak Co. A. C. Downes. Cecil B. De Mille PicturesCorporation. Frank Murphy. L: A. Jones. First National ProductionsCorporation. Fred Gage. L. A. Hawkins. Paramount-FamousLasky Corporation. Peter Mole. L. C. Porter. United Artists' laboratory. E. O. Guerney. J. I. Crabtree. Agfa Raw Film Corporation. Max Factor. Daniel B. Clark. Dupont Film Company. J. E. Brulatour. Frank Good. Bausch& Lomb Optical Co. W. B. Rayton. R. E. Farnham. ConsolidatedFilm Industries, Inc. E. W. Beggs. R. E. Connor. PacificTitle and Art Studio. Bert Deleray. Dr. C. E. K. Mees. Warner Bros.'Pictures, Inc. I. H. Van Horn. RooseveltHotel. Roy Davidge Film Laboratory. Dr. M. Luckiesh. Smith & Aller. Tremont Film Laboratories. John W. Boyle. Hal Roach Studios. BennettFilm Laboratories. W. L. Stern. Universal laboratory. GeorgeSchneiderman. Creco,Inc. Hal Roachlaboratory. Central CastingBureau. ACADEMY PROCEEDINGS The following excerpts {rom the minutes of the suggestedthat every cameramanshould educatehim- Technicians' Branch of the Academy, the Produc- self in this new kind o{ lighting, which he predicted ers' Branch, the Board of Directors of the Academy would be uniformly adoptedwithin a short time. and special committees in reference to the subject of Mr. Arthur Edesontold of developmentof equip Incandescent Illumination will give a chronological ment, and predictedthat within six months this sys- history of the inception and progress o{ the re- tem of lighting would be universally used. He said searcnes: that probably not over six or seven cameramenin Los Angeles were llow competent to photograph pictureswith tungsten lights, and that it was up to TECHNICIANS' BRANCH the cameramen to educate themselves. MEETING NOV. 16, 1927 A discussionfollowed as to how this education should be accomplished. Quoted from the minutes as of record: Mr. Pelton moved that the cameramen of the The matter of progress in tungsten lighting in Branch undertake to aid in disseminating to the connection with panchromatic film was taken up cameramen of the industry the knowledge o{ how for discussion. to operatewith incandescentlighting, and that the Mr. Pelton explained some of the progress that Branch request the Producers' Branch of the Acad- had been made in the First National studio, and emy to see that facilities are furnished and equip- r(t tvl ment supplied {or carrying out this plan. Mr. acting on the instructions of the Technicians' Ex- Nickolaus seconded the motion. ecutive ,Committee, he had requested similar co- In the discussion that followed it was proposed operation from the De Mille studio and Samuel that certain nights bc set for demonstration in some Goldwyn. The Secretary also reported that the studio, preferably the First National, and that Technicians' Branch had appointeda sub-committee cameramen and others be invited to attend these in eachof the three studios for the demonstrations; demonstrations for the purpose of educating them Mr. Volck reported for the De Mille studio that in the handling of tungsten lights. The motion be- he was authorized to offer the facilities of the De ing put to a vote it was unanimously carried, Mille studio and suggestingsimilar invitation to Mr. Samuel Goldwyn for the use of equipment owned by him. BOARDOF DIRECTORS Mr. Pelton reported for the First National stu- MEETINGNOV. 28, 1927 dio, secondedby Mr. Edeson,who stated that new lamp equipment was expectedsoon, and suggested Quoted from the minutes as of record: that demonstrationsbe put ofi until after the first On motion duly made and seconded, approval of the year. was given to the proposal of the Technicians to con- Mr. Volck submitted a report showing the duct a series of demonstrations with the invited co- amorlnt of equipmentnow in Hollywood studios,in operation of the producers for the purpose. of edu- which it appearedthat the De Mille studio, M- cating cinematographers and other technicians in the G-M, Samuel Goldwyn, Inc., IJniversal and First use of Mazda lights. National now own a considerableamount of incan- descent equipment, and that rented equipment is PRODUCERS'EXECUTIVE being usedby Lasky, N{etropolitan, Christie, Roach, Columbia, Tec-Art and Sennett. COMMITTEE,DEC. 5, 1927 Mr. Milner reported that the failure of attempts Quoted from the minutes as of record: at the Lasky studio in incandescentlighting was due The proposal of the Technicians' Branch to con- to lack of proper equipment. duct a series of demonstrations for the education of Mr. Miller suggestedthat there was even greater cinematographers and other technicians in the use need of improved equipment