IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE ALL-COMPASSIONATE, ALL-MERCIFUL Salah ad-Deen al-Ayubi Volume Three The Battle of Hattin, the Conquest ofJerusalem and the Third Crusade By: Dr. Ali M. Sallabi Translated by Nasiruddin al-Khattab INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC PUBLISHING HOUSE Contents About the word Lord .......................................................................... 11 The Battle Of Hattin, The Conquest of Jerusalem and The Third Crusade .............................................................................................. 12 CHAPTER I: The Battle of Hattin ..................................................... 12 Events that led to the Battle of Hattin ............................................... 13 Death of Baldwin V and its impact on the Crusaders situation ...... 13 Salah ad-Deen benefited from events occurring in the Kingdom of Jerusalem ....................................................................................... 13 Reynald de Chatillon breaks the truce with the Muslims again .... 15 The battle of Sephoria .................................................................... 17 Preparations that preceded the Battle of Hattin ........................... 18 Crusader preparations ................................................................... 18 Salah ad-Deen' s plan for the decisive battle ................................. 19 Salah ad-Deen heads towards Tiberias .......................................... 20 Events of the battle ........................................................................... 23 Beginning of the Muslim attack ..................................................... 23 Psychological warfare on the part of Salah ad-Deen ..................... 24 Crusader losses at Hattin ............................................................... 25 Salah ad-Deen offers the prayer of gratitude and receives the captive kings ................................................................................... 26 Salah ad-Deen' s attitude towards the prisoners ........................... 27 Preparations and understanding the law of cause and effect ....... 28 Step-by-step approach and the unity of the Ummah .................... 30 Far-sightedness and political acumen of Salah ad-Deen ............... 31 Organizing his state and the Fiefs of his emirs .......................... 32 Reining in his family's ambitions and placating them .............. 33 External diplomatic efforts ........................................................ 34 The issue of jihad ...................................................................... 35 Being granted power and authority............................................. 38 Security and stability .................................................................. 39 Honour and glory ...................................................................... 40 Victory and conquest ..................................................................... 41 Justice ............................................................................................. 42 A generation that fought for the sake of Allah .............................. 44 It followed the truth ................................................................... 44 It established the commands of Allah ...................................... 45 It established the duty of jihad for the sake of Allah .............. 45 It was patient and steadfast .................................................... 46 Seeking help from the scholars and consulting them about war and administrative matters ................................................................... 47 A strong relationship with Allah ..................................................... 47 Turning to Allah after making preparations ................................... 48 Success of Salah ad-Deen's intelligence operations ...................... 49 Reasons for victory that were the fault of the Crusaders .......... 50 Abul-Hasan an-Nadawi on the secret behind Salah ad-Deen's success ....................................................................................... 51 Reactions to the Battle of Hattin ................................................... 53 Al-Qadi al-Fadil's joy at the victory at Hattin ............................. 53 An amazing dream ..................................................................... 54 Conquests on the coast before the Conquest of Jerusalem ...... 54 Consequences of the Battle of Hattin ............................................ 56 A decisive battle ......................................................................... 56 The beginning of the end for the Crusader presence ................ 57 Rise in Salah ad-Deen's status .................................................... 58 The Battle of Hattin: the key to Jerusalem ................................ 58 Importance of geographic awareness ........................................ 59 Respect and admiration for Salah ad-Deen ............................... 59 Cumulative efforts that preceded Salah ad-Deen ..................... 60 CHAPTER II The Conquest of Jerusalem ............................................. 61 Crusader preparations inside Jerusalem ........................................ 62 Salah ad-Deen's military plan ......................................................... 63 Steps that preceded the liberation of Jerusalem ....................... 63 The media dimension ................................................................. 64 Summoning the Egyptian forces ................................................ 64 The siege and fighting ................................................................ 65 The decisive attack ..................................................................... 66 Negotiations for the handover of Jerusalem ............................. 67 Salah ad-Deen's entry into Jerusalem ............................................ 69 History has never known any conqueror more merciful than the Muslims .......................................................................................... 70 A devout Crusader queen ......................................................... 72 The wife of a captive king ......................................................... 72 Princess Stephanie, mother of Humphrey ............................... 72 Salah ad-Deen respected the Christians' feelings .................... 73 Permitting some Christians to remain in Jerusalem ................ 73 Steven Runciman's opinion ....................................................... 74 Grousset's opinion ......................................................................... 75 First Jumu'ah prayer in Jerusalem ..................................................... 76 Text of the Khutbah ....................................................................... 77 Allah is Able to attain victory ..................................................... 78 Praise for the noble Messenger and his Companions ............... 78 May Allah be pleased with the mujahideen ............................ 79 The qualities of al-Masjid al-Aqsa ............................................. 79 Congratulations to Salah ad-Deen and his Muslim troops for their victory ............................................................................... 80 Thanking Allah for the victory .................................................. 81 Virtues of al-Aqsa and al-Quds ................................................... 81 Gratitude to Allah alone ............................................................ 82 The angels thank Allah for the mujahideen ............................. 82 Prohibition of arrogance and committing sin.......................... 82 Victory comes only from Allah ................................................. 83 Keeping away from sin .................................................................. 83 Call for continuation of the jihad ............................................. 83 Call to liberate the rest of the holy land ................................. 84 Supplications for Sultan Salah ad-Deen and the Muslims in their religious and worldly affairs ....................................................... 84 The minbar of Noor ad-Deen in Jerusalem .................................... 86 Salah ad-Deen restores Jerusalem ................................................. 88 Sending glad tidings and delegations throughout the Muslim world ....................................................................................................... 90 Salah ad-Deen' s differences with the Abbasid caliph ................... 91 Presence of the scholars in Salah ad-Deen' s conquests ............... 92 Siege of Tyre ................................................................................... 95 Completion of conquests ............................................................... 99 Conquest of Kerak and Crac de Montreal .................................. 99 Turning towards the north ......................................................... 99 "We were not created to stay in Damascus: we were created for worship and for jihad for the sake of Allah" ................................ 101 Death of Usamah ibn Munqidh .................................................... 102 Most important lessons ............................................................... 103 The importance of the devoted scholars in reviving the Ummah ..................................................................................... 103 Educating the new generation in the 'aqeedah of Ahl as-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah