Standing Committee for Economic and Commercial Cooperation of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (COMCEC) URBAN TRANSPORT IN THE OIC MEGACITIES COMCEC COORDINATION OFFICE October 2015 Standing Committee for Economic and Commercial Cooperation of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (COMCEC) URBAN TRANSPORT IN THE OIC MEGACITIES COMCEC COORDINATION OFFICE October 2015 This report has been commissioned by the COMCEC Coordination Office to WYG and Fimotions. Views and opinions expressed in the report are solely those of the author(s) and do not represent the official views of the COMCEC Coordination Office or the Member States of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. Excerpts from the report can be made as long as references are provided. All intellectual and industrial property rights for the report belong to the COMCEC Coordination Office. This report is for individual use and it shall not be used for commercial purposes. Except for purposes of individual use, this report shall not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including printing, photocopying, CD recording, or by any physical or electronic reproduction system, or translated and provided to the access of any subscriber through electronic means for commercial purposes without the permission of the COMCEC Coordination Office. For further information please contact: COMCEC Coordination Office Necatibey Caddesi No: 110/A 06100 Yücetepe Ankara/TURKEY Phone: 90 312 294 57 10 Fax: 90 312 294 57 77 Web: www.comcec.org Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Scope and Description of the Study ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Background to Work Undertaken .............................................................................................................................. 4 2. Current State in the OIC Member States ........................................................................................................................... 6 2.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2. What is a Megacity? .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3. OIC Megacities Examined in This Report ................................................................................................................ 7 2.4. Overview of OIC Megacities Transport .................................................................................................................... 8 3. Overview of Global Trends in World’s Megacities .................................................................................................. 11 3.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.2. Analysis of Transport Problems in Megacities .................................................................................................. 12 3.3. Transport Network and Land Use Planning ....................................................................................................... 13 3.3.1. Transport network and infrastructure ...................................................................................................... 13 3.3.2. Land use and urban form ................................................................................................................................. 16 3.4. Mode Availability and Shares .................................................................................................................................... 19 3.4.1. Private motorized transport ........................................................................................................................... 20 3.4.2. Public transport .................................................................................................................................................... 25 3.4.3. Non-motorized transport (NMT) .................................................................................................................. 31 3.5. Freight and Servicing .................................................................................................................................................... 34 3.5.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 34 3.5.2. Freight and servicing of megacities in developed countries ............................................................ 35 3.5.3. Freight and servicing of megacities in developing countries ........................................................... 36 3.6. Road Safety ........................................................................................................................................................................ 38 3.6.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 38 3.6.2. Road safety of megacities in developed countries ................................................................................ 39 3.6.3. Road safety of megacities in developing countries ............................................................................... 40 3.7. Institutions and Organizational structure ........................................................................................................... 41 3.7.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 41 3.7.2. Institutions and organizational structure in developed world megacities ................................ 41 3.7.3. Institutions and organization in developing world megacities ....................................................... 42 3.8. Urban Transport Infrastructure Financing ......................................................................................................... 42 3.8.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 42 3.8.2. Urban transport infrastructure financing in developed world megacities ................................ 43 3.8.3. Urban transport infrastructure financing in developing world megacities............................... 44 3.9. Health ................................................................................................................................................................................... 46 3.9.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 46 3.9.2. Transport and health in the megacities in developed countries .................................................... 47 3.9.3. Transport and health in the megacities in developing countries ................................................... 49 3.10. Climate Change ................................................................................................................................................................ 49 3.10.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 49 3.10.2. Climate change of megacities in developed countries ......................................................................... 50 3.10.3. Climate change of megacities in developing countries ....................................................................... 51 3.11. Social Exclusion ............................................................................................................................................................... 52 3.11.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 52 3.11.2. Transport related social exclusion in megacities of developed countries ................................. 53 3.11.3. Transport related social exclusion in developing countries ............................................................. 55 3.12. Human Dimension of Cities ........................................................................................................................................ 58 3.12.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 58 3.12.2. Human dimension of developed cities ....................................................................................................... 58 3.12.3. Human dimension of developing cities .....................................................................................................