Sedimentary Rocks Uluru, Australia Grand Canyon, Arizona Sedimentary Rock Examples Shale made from small sediments, clay and silt Conglomerate Sandstone made from made from large medium sediment, sand sediments, pebbles Sedimentary Rock Examples Bituminous Coal, Limestone used for buildings, fossil fuel burned contains calcite, for energy, dissolves in acid organic =caves Sedimentary Rock Composition . Sediments (anything that settles out of water) . Fragments of other rocks . Plant and animal remains Grand Canyon, Arizona Sedimentary Rock Composition . Minerals that settle out of solution. (Some minerals can dissolve in water or acids, when the acid or water is gone, the minerals are left behind to form rocks.) Sedimentary Rock Formation 1) Clastic Rock . Formed from fragments of other rock . Compacted (pressed together) and cemented (“glued”) together over time . Minerals are the “glue” that cement clastic sedimentary rocks Sedimentary Rock Formation . Categorized by grain size .Clay (Smallest Grain Size) .Silt .Sand .Gravel .Pebble (Largest Grain Size) Sedimentary Rocks Examples of Clastic Rocks: Shale Sandstone Conglomerate Sedimentary Rock Formation 2) Chemical Rock precipitate out of solution .Limestone .Rock salt .Rock gypsum Sedimentary Rock Formation 3) Organic Rock Plant & animal remains .Limestone .Chalk .Coal Sedimentary Rock Features 1) Stratification . Layers of different sediment . Most common Sedimentary rock feature Youngest layer is at the top Oldest layer is on the bottom Stratification Sedimentary Rocks Stratification Sedimentary Rock Features 2) Fossils Evidence of living things Organisms get buried in the layers of sediment .3 types: Trace, imprint, replacement Fossils Aquatic (water) organisms are the most common type of fossil Sedimentary Rock Features 3) Ripple marks .Water or wind action in sand preserved in sandstone . Can be seen on the surface of a bedding plane Ripple Marks in Sand Ripple Marks in Sandstone Sedimentary Rock Features 4) Mud cracks . Form as mud dries and gets preserved as a rock Mud Cracks 5) Geode Spheres of silica rock crystals contained within limestone rock..