Kazungula Water Supply and Sanitation Project: Feasibility Report Project Name: Kazungula Water Supply and Sanitation Project Version: Final (Revised) May 2016 Quality Assurance Checklist: In preparing this Document CRIDF can confirm that it has followed CRIDF internal general procedures including, appropriate CRIDF generic scope of work and that it has undergone appropriate QA and quality control procedures as detailed in CRIDFs QA manual. Furthermore, CRIDF can confirm the applicable specific internal process and procedures have been followed as appropriate: CRIDFs cost benefit assessments (CBAs) guideline have been applied as appropriate; CRIDF Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) guidelines have been applied as appropriate; CRIDFs climate vulnerability mapping methodology has been applied as appropriate; CRIDF Climate Change Risk Assessment/Vulnerability mapping protocol have been applied as appropriate; CRIDFs Procurement guidelines have been followed as appropriate; The appropriate CRIDF screens. Lead Warwick Weeks, Stuart CRIDF QA Stuart Seath CRIDF Chuma Nombewu CRIDF Charles Reeve, Author(s) Seath Checked process Leonard Magara Approved: QC Date: Date: 24/05/2016 2405/2016 Date: 24/05/2016 Date: Disclaimer The British Government’s Department for International Development (DFID) financed this work as part of the United Kingdom’s aid programme. However, the views and recommendations contained in this report are those of the consultant, and DFID is not responsible for, or bound by the recommendations made. CRIDF - Kazungula Water Supply and Sanitation Feasibility Report Page 2 of 234 Contents List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................ 9 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 11 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 11 Social Assessment ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Technical Assessment ................................................................................................................................ 12 Estimated Costs .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Financial and Economic Assessment ......................................................................................................... 14 Institutional Assessment ............................................................................................................................. 16 Environmental Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 18 Assessment of Potential Financiers ............................................................................................................ 18 Implementation Plan ................................................................................................................................... 18 Recommendations ...................................................................................................................................... 19 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 21 The Climate Resilient Infrastructure Development Facility (CRIDF) .......................................................... 21 Zambia Border Towns Project .................................................................................................................... 21 Kazungula Town ......................................................................................................................................... 23 The Feasibility Study................................................................................................................................... 24 Review and Analysis of Previous Studies................................................................................................... 25 Social Assessment ...................................................................................................................................... 26 Stakeholder Identification and Analysis ...................................................................................................... 26 Recommended Stakeholder Collaboration ................................................................................................. 35 Social Organisation, Livelihoods and Impact of Project ............................................................................. 35 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) ............................................................................................. 39 Social Recommendations for Project Planning and System Design .......................................................... 46 Public/Environmental Health Considerations ............................................................................................. 48 Population Size and Future Projections ...................................................................................................... 52 Social Assessment Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 65 Technical Assessment ................................................................................................................................ 66 Hydrological and Water Resources Review ............................................................................................... 66 CRIDF - Kazungula Water Supply and Sanitation Feasibility Report Page 3 of 234 Existing Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................. 75 Town Planning ............................................................................................................................................ 77 Option Analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 77 Engineering Assessment and Outline Design ............................................................................................ 94 Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA) .............................................................................................. 119 Climate Vulnerability Mapping and Tool Indicators .................................................................................. 120 Engineering Cost Estimate ....................................................................................................................... 130 Operation & Maintenance Plan ................................................................................................................. 133 Financial and Economic Assessment ...................................................................................................... 137 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 137 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................. 137 Assumptions ............................................................................................................................................. 138 Financial Appraisal .................................................................................................................................... 140 Economic Appraisal .................................................................................................................................. 146 Sustainability Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 156 Financial and Economic Risk Assessment ............................................................................................... 158 Financial and Economic Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................. 158 Potential Financiers .................................................................................................................................. 159 Procurement Options ................................................................................................................................ 160 Institutional Assessment ........................................................................................................................... 162 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 162 Background ............................................................................................................................................... 162 Current Institutional Set-Up in SWSC ....................................................................................................... 163 Recommended Institutional Strengthening Under the Project ................................................................. 173