DOCUMENT RESUME ED 413 156 RC 021 296 AUTHOR Rochin, Refugio I., Ed. TITLE Immigration and Ethnic Communities: A Focus on Latinos. INSTITUTION Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Julian Samora Research Inst. ISBN ISBN-0-9650557-0-1 PUB DATE 1996-03-00 NOTE 139p.; Based on a conference held at the Julian Samora Research Institute (East Lansing, MI, April 28, 1995). For selected individual papers, see RC 021 297-301. PUB TYPE Books (010)-- Collected Works General (020) -- Information Analyses (070) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Demography; Elementary Secondary Education; Employment; Ethnic Bias; Hispanic Americans; *Immigrants; Immigration; *Labor Force; Mexican American Education; *Mexican Americans; Mexicans; Migrant Workers; Politics of Education; *Socioeconomic Status; Undocumented Immigrants IDENTIFIERS California; *Latinos; *Proposition 187 (California 1994); United States (Midwest) ABSTRACT For over a decade, Latino immigrants, especially those of Mexican origin, have been at the heart of the immigration debate and have borne the brunt of conservative populism. Contributing factors to the public reaction to immigrants in general and Latinos specifically include the sheer size of recent immigration, the increasing prevalence of Latinos in the work force, and the geographic concentration of Latinos in certain areas of the country. Based on a conference held at the Julian Samora Institute(Michigan) in April 1995, this book is organized around two main themes. The first discusses patterns of immigration and describes several immigrant communities in the United States; the second looks in depth at immigration issues, including economic impacts, employment, and provision of education and other services to immigrants. Papers and commentaries are: (1) "Introductory Statement" (Steven J. Gold); (2) "Immigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean: A Socioeconomic Profile" (Ruben G. Rumbaut); (3) "Discrimination and Conflict: Minority Status and the Latino Community in the United States" (Juan L. Gonzales Jr.); (4) "The Demography of Mexicans in the Midwest" (Rogelio Saenz);(5) "Historical Foundations of Latino Immigration and Community Formation in 20th Century Michigan and the Midwest" (Dennis Nodin Valdes); (6) "Islanders in the States: A Comparative Account" (Sherri Grasmuck, Ramon Grosfoguel); (7) "Emerging Latino Populations in Rural New York" (Enrique E. Figueroa); (8) "Immigration to the United States: Journey to an Uncertain Destination" (Philip Martin); (9) "Borders and Immigration: Recasting Definitions" (Scott Whiteford);(10) "Mexico-to-U.S. Migration and Rural Mexico: A Village Economywide Perspective"(J. Edward Taylor); (11) "Job Competition Reassessed: Regional and Community Impacts from Los Angeles" (Abel Valenzuela Jr.);(12) "The Social Organization of Day-Laborers in Los Angeles" (Daniel Melero Malpica);(13) "Unpacking 187: Targeting Mejicanas" (Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo); (14) "Proposition 187 and Its Aftermath: Will the Tidal Wave Continue?" (Adela de la Torre);(15) "All Was Not Lost: The Political Victories of Mexican Immigrants in Guadalupe, California" (Victor Garcia); (16)"Other Important Points" (Enrique Figueroa);(17) "What Is +++++ ED413156 Has Multi-page SFR---Level=1 +++++ Needed? More Interdisciplinary Work Drawing on the Humanities" (Denise Segura); and (18)"The Different Faces and Dimensions of Immigration: A View from Midwest Reality" (Manuel Chavez). Most papers contain references and author profiles. (SV) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** 0 IMMIGRATION AND ETHNIC COMMUNITIES: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement 0 EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION Jr CENTER (ERIC) YThis document has been reproducedas received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. I "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Befugio I. Rochin 1 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." } A FocusON LATINOS EDITED BY BEST COPY AVAILABLE 1 Iztyucurc I- TtcciaiNT Immigration and Ethnic Communities: A Focus on Latinos Refugio I. Rochin, editor Published by the Julian Samora Research Institute Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, Michigan March 1996 3 Copyright ©1996 by the Julian Samora Research Institute Michigan State University All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without written permission of the Julian Samora Research Institute. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 95-81628 ISBN number: 0-9650557-0-1 4 Mii Dedication to Dr. Julian Samora March 1, 1920 to February 2, 1996 The Julian Samora Research Institute traditional folk medicine upon modern clinical dedicates this, its first book, to Dr. Julian Samora, medicine and explored the correlation between a name synonymous with leadership in Latino ethnicity and the delivery of health services. research. As professor of sociology at Michigan Later, his professional efforts focused on making State University and then at the University of the dominant Anglo society aware of the national Notre Dame, Dr. Samora firmly established importance of Spanish-speaking people through Mexican-American studies as an area of his articles, reports, and books, including the specialization. A distinguished teacher, as well National Study of the Spanish Speaking People for as scholar, he mentored more than 50 Latino the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights and La Raza: students in history, law, anthropology, and Forgotten Americans and Mexican-Americans in the sociology. Southwest. Professor Samora co-founded the National In 1971, Dr. Samora received a Ford Council of La Raza, one of the leading Hispanic Foundation grant "to produce scholars and organizations in the country, and served on many scholarly materials in the field of Mexican- governmental and private boards and American Studies." Under his mentorship, his commissions, including the U.S. Commission on students wrote about social linguistics, the Civil Rights, the National Institute of Mental Mexican-American family, the history of mutual Health, and the President's Commission on Rural aid societies, the Mexican-American experience Poverty. He edited Nuestro, the International in the Midwest, drug use among Mexican- Migration Review, and other journals. At Notre American youth, and attitudes among Mexican- Dame, he directed the Mexican Border Studies American children. But it was his study of Project, sponsored by the Ford Foundation. immigration that constituted his most Among his many awards were the White House pathbreaking research. With Gilberto Cardenas' Hispanic Heritage Award (1985) and the Aguila and Jorge Bustamante,2 Samora wrote on Azteca (Aztec Eagle) medal (1991) which he undocumented Mexican migration to the United received along with farm labor leader, Cesar States Los Mojados: The Wetback Story. This Chavez, from Mexico's President Carlos Salinas award-winning book has clearly stood the test of de Gortari. time, as it continues to provide insight on an Growing up in Colorado, where he was born important issue. in 1920, Julian experienced considerable Julian Samora endorsed Immigration and discrimination because he was Mexican, the Ethnic Communities: A Focus on Latinos as a new cast resigned when he got the lead in a high benchmark to that classic book, published exactly school play and, for the same reason, he lost the 25 years before. In the interim, he, a first election as student body president by one vote, generation Mexican-American, fostered many in cast by his own roommate, who said he would the next generation of Mexican-American not vote for a Mexican. He got a motel room in scholars. His bold leadership, great foresight, and Fort Collins only because the manager thought pioneering wisdom advanced the ethnic he was from India. Yet fueled by an intense pride dimensions of inquiry. Thus, on behalf of all the in his heritage, raw-instincts for human equality, participants in the development of this book and and a drive to learn, Samora completed the M.S. of the supporters, faculty, and staff of the Julian degree in 1947 and earned a Ph.D. degree in Samora Research Institute, we dedicate Sociology from Washington University, St. Louis, Immigration and Ethnic Communities: A Focus on in 1953. Early in his career in the field of medical Latinos to Dr. Julian Samora. We will miss him sociology, Dr. Samora studied the implications of and his supportive mentoring. Long live Julian Samora's legacy. Professor of Sociology, University of Texas, Austin. 2 President of Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Mexico. Table of Contents Dedication iii Acknowledgments vi Preface Refugio I. Rochin and Rosemary Aponte vii Introductory Statement Steven J. Gold IMMIGRATION PATTERNS AND IMMIGRANT COMMUNITIES Immigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean: A Socioeconomic Profile Ruben G. Rumbaut 1 Discrimination and Conflict: Minority Status and the Latino Community in the United States Juan L. Gonzales, Jr. 10 The Demography of Mexicans in the Midwest Rogelio Saenz 23 Historical Foundations of Latino Immigration and Community Formation in 20th-Century Michigan and the Midwest Dennis Nodin Valdes