Mongolo-Tibetica Pragensia ’11 4/2 MMongolo-Tibeticaongolo-Tibetica PPragensiaragensia 111-2.indd1-2.indd 1 116.1.20126.1.2012 119:09:319:09:31 MMongolo-Tibeticaongolo-Tibetica PPragensiaragensia 111-2.indd1-2.indd 2 116.1.20126.1.2012 119:09:329:09:32 Mongolo-Tibetica Pragensia ’11 Ethnolinguistics, Sociolinguistics, Religion and Culture Volume 4, No. 2 Publication of Charles University in Prague Philosophical Faculty, Institute of South and Central Asia Seminar of Mongolian Studies Prague 2011 ISSN 1803–5647 MMongolo-Tibeticaongolo-Tibetica PPragensiaragensia 111-2.indd1-2.indd 3 116.1.20126.1.2012 119:09:329:09:32 Th e publication of this volume was fi nancially supported by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic as a part of the Research Project No. MSM0021620825 „Language as human activity, as its product and factor“, a project of the Faculty of Philosophy, Charles University in Prague. Mongolo-Tibetica Pragensia ’11 Linguistics, Ethnolinguistics, Religion and Culture Volume 4, No. 2 (2011) © Editors Editors-in-chief: Jaroslav Vacek and Alena Oberfalzerová Editorial Board: Daniel Berounský (Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic) Agata Bareja-Starzyńska (University of Warsaw, Poland) Katia Buff etrille (École pratique des Hautes-Études, Paris, France) J. Lubsangdorji (Charles University Prague, Czech Republic) Marie-Dominique Even (Centre National des Recherches Scientifi ques, Paris, France) Tsevel Shagdarsurung (National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) Domiin Tömörtogoo (National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) Reviewed by Prof. Václav Blažek (Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic) and Prof. Tsevel Shagdarsurung (National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) English correction: Dr. Mark Corner (HUB University, Brussels) Institute of South and Central Asia, Seminar of Mongolian Studies Faculty of Philosophy, Charles University in Prague Celetná 20, 116 42 Praha 1, Czech Republic http://mongolistika.ff .cuni.cz/?page=home Publisher: Stanislav Juhaňák – TRITON http://www.triton-books.cz Vykáňská 5, 100 00 Praha 10 IČ 18433499 Praha (Prague) 2011 Cover Renata Brtnická Typeset Studio Marvil Printed by Sprint Publication periodicity: twice a year Registration number of MK ČR E 18436 ISSN 1803-5647 MMongolo-Tibeticaongolo-Tibetica PPragensiaragensia 111-2.indd1-2.indd 4 116.1.20126.1.2012 119:09:329:09:32 CONTENTS Daniel Berounský Entering dead bodies and the miraculous power of the Kings: Th e landmark of Karma Pakshi’s reincarnation in Tibet Part II – Nyima Woser Choekhortshang Th e Ya-ngal family of Tibetan Royal priests in Dolpo Part I – Zuzana Vokurková Th e use of epistemic verbal endings in diff erent syntactic structures in spoken Tibetan – Ondřej Srba – Gegeenhas Nomc’ Bayandeleg (1891–1967): Th e oral history of a mysterious hermit from Mo’nhhairhan – Klára Kočková Th e depiction of battles in the Mongolian heroic epic “Old Dragon Wise Khan” I. – Review Section Traditional Mongolian Culture I: Material Culture (CD-ROM), published by Ágnes Birtalan, with the assistance of Rákos Attila, Tartsák András and Zámolyi Ferenc; IVA-ICRA Verlag and ELTE Department of Inner Asian Studies, Budapest 2008; Unpaginated; Price not specifi ed; ISBN Austria: 978-3-900265-13-7; ISBN Hungary: 978-963-284-039-0 – Reviewed by Rachel Mikos – MMongolo-Tibeticaongolo-Tibetica PPragensiaragensia 111-2.indd1-2.indd 5 116.1.20126.1.2012 119:09:329:09:32 Elisabetha Chiodo: Songs of Khorchin Shamans to Jayagachi, the Protector of Livestock and Property. Abhandlungen der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaft en und der Künste, Paderborn 2009, 132 pp.; Price not specifi ed; ISBN 978-3-506-76860-5 – Reviewed by Veronika Zikmundová – В.И. Рассадин, Очерки по истории сложения тюрко-монгольской языковой общности. (V.I. Rassadin, Studies in the History of Turkic- Mongolian Linguistic Community Formation.) Часть I. Тюркское влияние на лексику монгольских языков (Part I. Th e Turkic Infl uence on the Lexicon of Mongolian Languages). Изд-во Калмыцкого университета, Элиста , pp.; Price not specifi ed; ISBN ---- Часть II. Монгольское влияние на лексику тюркских языков (Part II. Th e Mongolian Infl uence on the Lexicon of Turkic Languages). Изд-во Калмыцкого университета, Элиста 2008, 243 pp.; Price not specifi ed; ISBN 978-5-91458-045-9 – Reviewed by Veronika Kapišovská – Gábor Bálint of Szentkatolna, A Romanized Grammar of the East- and West-Mongolian Languages. With popular chrestomathies of both dialects. Edited and introduced by Ágnes Birtalan. Budapest Oriental Reprints. Series B 3. Editor Kinga Dévényi. Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences – Csoma de Kőrös Society, Budapest 2009. XXXIV+222+[2] pp.; Paperback, price not specifi ed; ISBN 978-963-7451-19-5, ISSN 0230-8991 – Reviewed by Ondřej Srba – Mejor, Marek; Helman-Waźny, Agnieszka; Chashab, Th ubten Kunga, A Preliminary Report on the Wanli Kanjur Kept in the Jagiellonian Library, Kraków. Studia Buddhica 1. Research Centre of Buddhist Studies, Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 2010, 213 pp.; Price not specifi ed; ISBN 978-83-903229-3-3 – Reviewed by Daniel Berounský – MMongolo-Tibeticaongolo-Tibetica PPragensiaragensia 111-2.indd1-2.indd 6 116.1.20126.1.2012 119:09:329:09:32 Entering dead bodies and the miraculous power of the Kings: Th e landmark of Karma Pakshi’s reincarnation in Tibet Part II Daniel Berounský, Charles University in Prague Summary: Th e contribution continues in its second part discussing the circumstances surround- ing the recognition of the 3rd Karmapa Rangjung Dorje as being identical with his predecessor Karma Pakshi. Th e ritual of “entering residence” (grong ’jug), which was narrated to be used by Karma Pakshi during his death, is a particular focus here. It is argued that such a ritual enabling corpses to reanimate fi rstly expresses the goals of the older Indian understanding of yoga. Sec- ondly, its appearance in the story seems to explain the reason for the newborn child’s remem- brance of his past life. Translations of the accounts of the story from the “Red Annals” (Deb ther dmar po) and “Feast of Scholars” (Mkhas pa’i dga’ ston) chronicles are appended. 7. “Entering residence” (grong ’jug) ritual and reincarnation Th e story of the dramatic process of reincarnation of Karma Pakshi, as de- scribed in the concluding chapter 6 of Part I, has its climax in the meeting of the newborn child with the master Urgyenpa, who recognized him as the new birth of the same person, i.e. Karma Pakshi. He then gave him the “se- cret name” (gsang mtshan) of Karma Pakshi: Rangjung Dorje, as if such an act would stress the identity of Karma Pakshi and Rangjung Dorje. Th e recogni- tion of him was based on the fact that he remembered circumstances from his previous life and those from the process of reincarnation in the “inter- mediate state” (bar do/ bar ma do). When he described how he entered the womb of his mother in the fourth month of the development of the foetus and gave details of his dwelling there, the crowd exclaimed that besides Bud- dha Śākyamuni in India and he in Tibet, such a birth unpolluted by a womb had never occurred. Th ese features might be connected with the beginning of the narration. When the story of the passing away of Karma Pakshi starts, it is said that he travelled to the abodes of gods. He returned then back to his bodily remains MMongolo-Tibeticaongolo-Tibetica PPragensiaragensia 111-2.indd1-2.indd 7 116.1.20126.1.2012 119:09:329:09:32 8 Mongolo-Tibetica Pragensia ’11 and perhaps surprisingly decided to use ritual enabling corpses to be reani- mated, the “entering residence” ritual (grong ’jug). One could hesitate as to whether the inclusion of such a ritual in the story should only serve the purpose of dramatizing events through the usage of a mythological motif. It creates a thrilling drama, indeed, but it seems that this might not clash with the fact that the narration attempts to explain the circumstances of his reappearance at the same time. Seen in a wider context, Karma Pakshi predicted his reappearance as sprul sku to the master Urgyen- pa and others, so it is in the logic of the whole story that he himself chooses this ritual as a means at hand to become a “miraculously manifested body”, i.e. sprul sku. It is thus worthwhile to take the role of the ritual more seri- ously, to take a pause here and have a better look at the ritual of “entering residence”. Such a ritual of animating corpses might seem to be weird at fi rst glance. But mention of it is not so rare in the Indian subcontinent and could even be regarded as a fairly standard element in Indian narratives concerning yogīs up to modern times. In his recent book Sinister yogīs, David G. White turned his attention to this strange art of animating corpses in India. He mentions a number of bet- ter and less known stories from the Indian sources where the reanimating of a corpse or exchange of bodies with the help of such a ritual plays a signifi - cant role in the narration. Th ese include the so-called Vikrama Cycle, sto- ries where the plot in a number of particular narrations about King Vikra- ma varies, but where each variant narrates a story in which the exchange of bodies plays a crucial role.1 Other stories on reanimating corpses listed by White appear in the so-called Vetāla stories (Vetālapañcaviṃśati),2 and 1) To illustrate, one of the versions from the Vikrama Cycle (Persian Senguehassen Battisi) speaks about King Vikrama, renowned for his ability to enter other bodies and certain yogī who induces him to show such ability and to reanimate the dead body of a parrot. Th is be- ing done, the yogī takes his chance and settles inside the empty body of King Vikrama and thus becomes king.