Results of Participatory Surveys for Public Deliberation on Deliberation Results of Participatory Public Surveys for Results of Participatory Surveys for Public Deliberation on Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6 The Public Deliberation Committee on Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6 Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. & 6 The Public Deliberation Committee on Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6 October 20, 2017 Results of Participatory Surveys for Public Deliberation on Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6 The Public Deliberation Committee on Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6 October 20, 2017 Submission Message Dear Prime Minister, The Public Deliberation Committee on Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6 conducted participatory surveys from July 24 to October 20, 2017, over a roughly three-month process of public deliberation aimed at reaching a societal consensus on whether construction should be suspended on the fifth and sixth reactors at the Shin-Gori Nuclear Power Complex. As part of the consultations, 471 people were selected for a participatory deliberation group that engaged in a month-long critical deliberation program, based on which the group members provided our committee with intelligent and judicious responses. Based on the findings of the surveys, we hereby submit the following policy recommendations on Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6. October 20, 2017 The Public Deliberation Committee on Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6 Chairperson Kim Jihyung Committee Members Kim Jungin Kim Wondong Kim Youngwon Lee Heejin Lee Sungjay Lee Yunsuk Ryu Bangran Yu Taekyung The 471 members of the Citizens’ Group for Participatory Deliberation on the Construction of Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6 2 i. Overview of the Process of Public Deliberation on Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6 ◆ Period: July 24–October 20, 2017 ◆ Methodology: Participatory surveys ◆ Survey Administration First Survey Second Survey Third Survey Fourth Survey August 25– Dates September 16 October 13 October 15 September 9 Participants 20,006 478 471 471 ◆ Critical Deliberation Program Basic Program Supplementary Program • Orientation • Regional public debates (seven) • Deliberation sourcebook • Televised debates (five) • E-learning and Q&A • Future Generation Debate • General forum (two nights, three days) 3 ii. Policy Recommendations Based on Survey Findings 1. The committee recommends resumption of the currently suspended construction of Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6. The final survey findings showed 59.5% of respondents supportingresumption of construction, 19.0%p higher than the 40.5% supporting a permanent suspension. The margin of error for the findings was ±3.6%p with a 95% confidence level. The percentage of respondents supporting resumption rather than a permanent suspension was also significantly higher than in the first survey, with the difference increasing with each successive survey. 2. The committee recommends implementing energy policies that reduce the use of nuclear power. The final survey findings showed 53.2% of respondents favoringreduced use of nuclear power, far outnumbering the 35.5% who favored continued reliance on nuclear power and the 9.7% who supported its expansion. 3. The committee recommends the swift formulation and execution of a detailed implementation plan for supplementary measures proposed by the participatory group for resumption of construction. In the final findings, members of the participatory group proposed the following policy measures to supplement resumption of construction: First, “safety standards for nuclear power must be strengthened” (33.1%). Second, “increased investment is needed for the expanded use of new and renewable energy sources” (27.6%). Third, “solutions for spent nuclear fuel must be developed as soon as possible” (25.3%). Additionally, members of the participatory group agreed in their subjective responses on the need for “elimination of corruption in the nuclear power industry and increased 4 transparency in management” (74 responses) and “formulation of measures concerning the lives, health, safety, and compensation of residents in communities around nuclear power plants (including Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongsangnam-do)” (59 responses). iii. Additional Opinions The public deliberation on Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6 holds great significance as an example of participatory policymaking, in which the decision of whether to implement the President’s election pledge to halt construction of Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6 was reached through engagement by and consensus among citizens, themselves the consumers of energy, rather than made unilaterally by the government. It is even more meaningful for having transformed the nuclear power issue from a topic that, due to its highly technical nature, was discussed mainly by direct stakeholders (including experts and local residents) into an issue of importance to the daily life of all citizens. Additionally, as a democratic means of opinion-gathering in supplementation of Korea’s representative democracy, the proceedings provided an opportunity to put into practice full- scale deliberative democracy. It was also important as a new model for conflict resolution, one focused on bringing a serious conflict with sharply divided stakeholder interests into the forum for public discussion and consensus establishment. We therefore request the administration’s systematic support so that the experience gained through the Shin-Gori 5 & 6 consultations and the resulting materials can serve all of Korean society as useful tools for achieving democratic coexistence. 5 Contents I. Report Objectives 8 [Reference] Terminology: Definitions of Major Terms Used in the Report 11 II. Public Deliberation on Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors 16 No. 5 & 6: An Overview 1. Background 16 2. Committee Composition 17 3. Significance and Basic Principles of the Public Deliberation Process 19 III. Basic Process of Public Deliberation 22 1. Overview 22 2. Regular Meetings 23 3. Subcommittees 24 4. Advisory Committee 28 5. Review Committee 29 6. Stakeholder Communication Council 31 IV. Major Components of the Public Deliberation Process 33 1. Formation of a Participatory Deliberation Group 33 2. Critical Deliberation Program 34 3. Communicating with the Public 52 4. Survey Design and Administration (First to Fourth) 59 V. Controversy over the Public Deliberation Process and Responses Thereto 67 1. Composition and Operation of the Public Deliberation Committee 67 2. Controversy over Impartiality of the Public Deliberation Process 71 3. Design and Implementation of Deliberative Polling 73 4. Design and Operation of the Deliberation Program 76 6 VI. Analysis of Participatory Survey 81 1. Survey Outline 81 2. Opinions For and Against the Resumption of the Construction 82 3. Rationale for Supporting and Opposing the Resumption of the Construction 90 4. Follow-up Measures after the Participatory Deliberation Group’s Decision to 92 Resume the Construction 5. Opinions on Direction of Nuclear Energy Policy 94 6. Evaluation of the Public Deliberation Process 98 VII. Policy Recommendations 105 VIII. Major Achievements and Areas for Improvement 108 1. Major Achievements 108 2. Areas for Improvement 115 IX. Conclusion 119 Attachment 1. Timeline of Major Events in the Public Deliberation on 122 Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6 Attachment 2. Four Surveys 129 Attachment 3. Results of the First Survey 156 Attachment 4. The Concept and Types of Public Deliberation 161 Attachment 5. The Decision Concerning the Participation of Researchers from 165 Government-Funded Research Institutes Attachment 6. Report on the Participatory Surveys for Public Deliberation on 173 Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6 7 I.IV. Report Major ObjectivesComponents of the Public deliberation Process I Report Objectives This report on the findings of the participatory surveys conducted in the course of public deliberation on Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6 (hereafter “the report”) was written to provide a comprehensive overview of the results of the deliberation process. The selected group of citizen representatives participated in surveys before and after the critical deliberation program, which included education and discussions. The Public Deliberation Committee on Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6 (hereafter “the committee”) conducted a total of four surveys according to a participatory survey methodology. This report was written to carefully analyze and confirm the survey findings and apply them in issuing suitable policy recommendations to the administration regarding the issue requiring public deliberation, namely, the decision on whether to permanently suspend construction on Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6. The committee agrees with the proposition that “the truth lies between one position and the other” (Kwon Seokcheon, The Supreme Court: Objection!, 2017, p. 4). Its members see the emphasis in this proposition as falling on the word “between.” The same applies if the 8 word “justice” is substituted for “truth.” Positions may differ on what constitutes justice. When such positions are in conflict, either one may be just, but true justice may also be located somewhere in between those positions. On the issue of the construction of Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6, differing positions exist on whether it should proceed as initially conceived or be permanently suspended (the former will be hereafter referred to as “resumption proponents”