American Pathfinders Corresponds to QuickReads Level D, book 1, Photo: Apollo 15. August, 1971. Taken by Astronaut David R. Sco, Apollo 15 commander. Released into public domain by the United States Naonal Aeronaucs and Space Administraon (NASA). Civics, American Pathfinders Almanac Definion: A book giving a list of the days of a year, mes the sun rises and sets, changes in the moon, etc. Example: Ben Franklin gathered data about when the sun rises and sets to create an almanac. Le Photo: Cover of Ames Almanack. 1761. Taken by NIH in en:wikimedia. Released into public domain because its copyright has expired. Right Photo: Benjamin Franklin. 1767. Painted by David Marn. Released into public domain because its copyright has expired. Astronaut Photo: Astronaut Bruce McCandless II. February,1984. Taken by NASA. Released into public domain by the Johnson Space Center of the United States Naonal Aeronaucs and Space Administraon (NASA). Astronomy Photo: Horsehead Nebula. June, 2009. Taken by Travis Rector. Released into public domain by the Naonal Aeronaucs and Space Administraon (NASA) and European Space Agency (ESA). Chemical Definion: relang to substances used in chemistry, or involving the changes that happen when two substances combine. Example: The man is working with dangerous chemicals and must be very careful. Le Photo: Chemicals in flasks. February, 2006. © 2007 by Joe Sullivan. Some rights reserved CC‐BY‐2.0 (www. hp://creavecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en). Right Photo: Monsanto pescide. Before April 2004. Taken by unknown individual. Released into the public domain by the United States Department of Agriculture. Educaon Photo: Navy Technician helps student with math. June,2009. Taken by Mass Communicaon Specialist 2nd Class D. Keith Simmons, U.S. Navy. Released into public domain by the United States Navy. Invenons Definion: the act of invenng something or the thing that is invented Example: The light bulb is only one of Thomas Edison’s many invenons that posively changed our society. Top Right Photo: Thomas Edison experimenng. 1920. Taken by unknown individual. Released into public domain by the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division . Le Photo: Thomas Edison. August, 2003. Taken by unbekannt in en:wikimedia. Released into public domain because its copyright has expired. Right Photo: New York City. August, 2006. © by Paulo Barcellos Jr. Some rights reserved CC‐BY‐2.0 (www.creavecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) Lan American Le Photo: Map of Lan America. March,2011. Created by the Wikigraphists of the Graphic Lab (fr). Released into public domain by its author, Yug. Right Photo: Cesar Chavez. September, 2009.© by Joel Levine. Some rights reserved by CC‐BY‐3.0 (www.creavecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). Memorial Definion: made or done in order to remind people of someone who has died. Example: Many people visit the Vietnam War Memorial to honor the fallen soldiers. Le Photo: Vietnam War Memorial. February, 2008. © 2008 by Alwynloh in en:wikimedia. Some rights reserved CC‐BY‐3.0,2.5,2.0, 1.0 (www.creavecommons.org/licenses/by‐sa/3.0/deed.en). Right Photo: Sailors from USS Oak Hill. May,2003. Taken by Journalist 2nd Class Brandan Schulze, U.S. Navy. Released into the public domain by the United States Navy. Planet Le Photo: Jupiter System Montage. October, 1998. Taken by Voyager EDRs. Released into public domain by the Jet Propulsion Lab of the United States Naonal Aeronaucs and Space Administraon (NASA) . Right Photo: Earth. June‐September 2001. Taken by unknown individual. Released into the public domain by the United States Naonal Aeronaucs and Space Administraon (NASA). Shule Photo: Space Shule Atlans. December, 1988. Taken by NASA .Released into the public domain by the Marshall Space Flight Center of the United States Naonal Aeronaucs and Space Administraon (NASA). Slavery Definion: the system of having slaves, or the condion of being a slave. Example: In the United States, slavery ended on January 1, 1863. Le Photo: Slaves working. 1988. ©2008 by Weatherford in en:wikimedia. Some rights CC‐BY‐3.0 (www.creavecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). Right Photo: Slaves in chains. 1977. Taken by unknown individual. Released into the public because the copyright expired. Veterans Photo: Joseph Ambrose, WWI veteran. 1982. Taken by Petaholmes on en:wikimedia. Released into public domain by the United States Federal Government. Vietnam War Le Photo: Vietnam. July, 2009. Taken by ASDFGHJ in en:wikimedia. Released into public domain by the copyright holder, ASDFGHJ. Right Photo: Tanks halted in herringbone formaon. Date unknown. Taken by Lieutenant General John H. Hay, Jr. Department of the Army. Released into public domain by the United States Army. World War II Top Le Photo: Adolf Hitler. 1937. Taken by Muzej Revolucije Narodnos Jugoslavije. Released into public domain by Muzej Revolucije Narodnos Jugoslavije, according to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, donated the image to USHMM who then released that image into the public domain. Right Photo: WWII collage. November,2009. ©2011 by Staberinde in en:wikimedia. Some rights reserved CC‐BY‐3.0 Germany (www.creatvecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). Boom Le Photo: Atomic bomb. August, 1945. Taken by one of the B‐29 Superfortresses used in the aack. Released into public domain the United States Air Force. Challenge Definion: something that tests your skill or ability, especially in a way that is interesng. Example: For some people, climbing a large rock is a fun challenge. Photo: Deep water solo. October, 2010. Taken by Boran in en:Wikipedia. Released into public domain by the copyright holder, Boran. Wheelchair Photo: Wheel chairs lined up. September , 2008. Taken by Jacinta Quesada. Released by the public domain by the Federal Emergency Management Agency . Granite Le Photo: Black Hill Granite Rocks. March,2009.© 2011 by Derek Harper. Some rights reserved by CC‐BY‐2.0 (www.creavecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0). Right Photo: Illinois Vietnam Veterans Memorial. 2006.© 2006 by Robert Lawton. Some rights reserved by CC‐BY‐2.0 (www.creavecommons.org/licenses/by 2.0). Praise Photo: Hospital Corpsman 3rd Class Piotor Juchniewicz. April, 2009. Taken by Spc. David J. Marshall, U.S. Army. Released into public domain by the United States Navy. .