Public Disclosure Authorized BOTSWANA EMERGENCY WATER SECURITY AND EFFICIENCY PROJECTS UPDATED ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized FOR THE NORTH EAST DISTRICT AND TUTUME SUB DISTRICT WATER SUPPLY UPGRADING PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized March 2019 Public Disclosure Authorized Updated Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the North East District and Tutume Sub District Water Supply Upgrading Project Contents List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ...................................................................................................................................................... vi list of Appendices ................................................................................................................................................ vii ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................. VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... X 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background to the Project ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Project Rationale/Objective ................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Location ................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Study Objectives ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Approach to the Study ........................................................................................................................... 3 Desktop studies .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Reconnaissance Surveys .................................................................................................................................... 3 Public and Stakeholder Consultations ................................................................................................................ 3 Analysis of Alternatives ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Identification, Evaluation of Impacts ................................................................................................................. 3 Development of Implementation Tools ............................................................................................................. 3 1.6 Structure of the Report .......................................................................................................................... 4 2 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ....................................... 6 2.1 World Bank Standards (Environmental and Social Policies) ............................................................. 6 2.2 Botswana Regulatory, Administrative and Legislative Framework .................................................. 8 Legislature ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Policies and Guidelines .................................................................................................................................... 14 Plans ................................................................................................................................................................. 17 Standards.......................................................................................................................................................... 19 2.3 Institutional Framework ...................................................................................................................... 22 Updated Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the North East District and Tutume Sub District Water Supply Upgrading Project Policies ............................................................................................................................................................. 22 2.4 International Obligations and Agreements ........................................................................................ 23 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) .............................................................. 23 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, 1994) ...................................... 24 The Kyoto Protocol of 1997 ............................................................................................................................ 24 The Basel Convention of 1989 ........................................................................................................................ 24 World Heritage Convention ............................................................................................................................. 25 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage ............................................................. 25 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................... 26 3.1 Project Area General Description ....................................................................................................... 26 3.2 Existing Water Supply Schemes.......................................................................................................... 27 3.3 Project Justification ............................................................................................................................. 29 3.4 Project Components Details and their Alternatives. ......................................................................... 30 3.5 Rationale for Infrastructure Upgrade ................................................................................................ 38 3.6 Scope of Infrastructure Upgrade ........................................................................................................ 38 3.7 Project Status in the Project Cycle ..................................................................................................... 39 4 OUTCOMES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT .......................................................... 40 4.1 Gaps Identified from Review and Site Surveys ................................................................................. 40 General Data Review ....................................................................................................................................... 40 5 DESCRIPTION OF RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT................................................... 46 5.1 Physiography ........................................................................................................................................ 46 5.2 Biophysical Environment ..................................................................................................................... 47 5.3 Water Resources ................................................................................................................................... 50 5.4 Biological Diversity .............................................................................................................................. 54 5.5 Biological Species Inventory ................................................................................................................ 57 5.6 Social Profile ......................................................................................................................................... 59 Regional Setting and Administration ............................................................................................................... 59 Updated Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the North East District and Tutume Sub District Water Supply Upgrading Project 5.7 Demography .......................................................................................................................................... 60 Livelihoods ...................................................................................................................................................... 60 5.8 Health .................................................................................................................................................... 63 5.9 Education .............................................................................................................................................. 64 5.10 Transportation ...................................................................................................................................... 65 5.11 Telecommunication .............................................................................................................................. 65 5.12 Water ..................................................................................................................................................... 65 5.13 Power Supply .......................................................................................................................................