The spatio-temporal dynamics of epigaeic predators and insect pests in different oilseed rape management systems Von der Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig zur Erlangung des Grades einer Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigte Dissertation von Daniela Simone Felsmann aus Kiel 1. Referent: apl. Professor Dr. Stefan Schrader 2. Referent: Professor Dr. Otto Larink eingereicht am: 28.03.2007 mündliche Prüfung (Disputation) am: 04.10.2007 Druckjahr 2008 Teilergebnisse aus dieser Arbeit wurden mit Genehmigung der Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften, vertreten durch den Mentor der Arbeit, in folgenden Beiträgen vorab veröffentlicht: Publikationen Felsmann, D.; Büchs, W. (2006): Epigäische Raubarthropoden in zwei unterschiedlichen Rapsanbausystemen. - Mitteilungen der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, 403, 90-101. Felsmann, D.; Büchs, W. (2006): Assessment of staphylinid beetle larvae from oilseed rape flower stands and their influence on pollen beetle larvae. – IOBC/wprs Bulletin, in press. Tagungsbeiträge Felsmann, D.; Büchs, W. (2004): Einfluss epigäischer Raubarthropoden auf Rapsschädlinge in zwei Rapsanbausystemen. - DGaaE-Nachrichten, 18 (3), 91. Felsmann, D.; Büchs, W. (2004): Vergleichende Untersuchungen von zwei Rapsanbausystemen hinsichtlich des Schädlingsbefalls und des Auftretens von epigäischen Prädatoren. - 54. Deutsche Pflanzenschutztagung in Hamburg, 20.-23. September. Mitteilungen der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft 396, 278-279. Felsmann, D.; Büchs, W. (2005): Untersuchungen in zwei Rapsanbausystemen zum Auftreten von epigäischen Raubarthropoden und Rapsschädlingen. - Dresdner Entomologentagung, 21.-24. März, 220. Felsmann, D.; Büchs, W. (2005): Spatio-temporal relationships between epigaeic predators and insect pests in winter oilseed rape. - Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Ökologie 35, 164. Felsmann, D. & Büchs, W. (2006): The spatio-temporal within-field distribution of pest larvae and key predators in Germany and the predators' effect on the emergence of new pest generations. – International Symposium on Integrated Pest Management in Oilseed Rape, University of Göttingen, 3.-5. April. Felsmann, D., Schlein, O. & Büchs, W. (2006): Management-related web densities, predation rates and prey composition of spiders (Linyphiidae and Theridion impressum) in oilseed rape fields. – International Symposium on Integrated Pest Management in Oilseed Rape, University of Göttingen, 3.-5. April. Felsmann, D. & Büchs, W. (2006): Predation rates and assessment of staphylinid beetle larvae from oilseed rape flower stands and their role in the regulation of pollen beetle larvae. - International Symposium on Integrated Pest Management in Oilseed Rape, University of Göttingen, 3.-5. April. The spatio-temporal dynamics of epigaeic predators and insect pests in different oilseed rape management systems Daniela S. Felsmann Thanks to Eva for the loan of her stable event, You-know-who for a number of unstable events, my family for being stable through all events. The spatio-temporal dynamics of epigaeic predators and insect pests in different oilseed rape management systems List of contents Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 1. Comparison of different winter oilseed rape management systems regarding the infestation of the crop with insect pests and the effects on the epigaeic predators - Introduction ............................................................................................................ 6 - Material and methods ............................................................................................ 7 - The oilseed rape management systems ..................................................... 7 - Experimental site....................................................................................... 7 - Experimental design.................................................................................. 9 - Plant dissections...................................................................................... 11 - Analytical statistics ................................................................................. 13 - Descriptive statistics................................................................................ 13 - Results ................................................................................................................... 15 Results of the plant dissections......................................................................... 15 - Plant architecture..................................................................................... 15 - Psylliodes chrysocephala........................................................................ 15 - Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus and C. napi ............................................... 16 - Dasineura brassicae and C. assimilis ..................................................... 17 Pest numbers in the oilseed rape management systems ................................... 25 - D. brassicae............................................................................................. 25 - Meligethes spp......................................................................................... 26 - C. assimilis, C. pallidactylus and C. napi ............................................... 27 Yield levels....................................................................................................... 29 Activity density of the epigaeic predators in the different oilseed rape management systems ................................................................................ 30 - Ground beetles (Carabidae)..................................................................... 30 - Rove beetles (Staphylinidae)................................................................... 39 - Spiders (Araneae).................................................................................... 43 Activity density of the epigaeic predators in the autumn ................................. 44 Emergence of the epigaeic predators in the winter wheat following the different oilseed rape management systems ..................................................... 45 Temporal coincidence between pest larval dropping and the activity density of the epigaeic predators in the different oilseed rape management systems... 47 - D. brassicae............................................................................................. 47 - Meligethes spp......................................................................................... 48 I The spatio-temporal dynamics of epigaeic predators and insect pests in different oilseed rape management systems - C. assimilis .............................................................................................. 49 - Discussion.............................................................................................................. 53 - Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 60 - Summary............................................................................................................... 61 - References ............................................................................................................. 62 - Appendix ............................................................................................................... 69 2. Assessment of the spatio-temporal within-field distribution of pest larvae and epigaeic predators in different oilseed rape management systems - Introduction .......................................................................................................... 70 - Material and methods .......................................................................................... 71 - Results ................................................................................................................... 73 Temporal coincidence between pest larval dropping and the activity density of the epigaeic predators................................................................................... 73 - D. brassicae............................................................................................. 73 - Meligethes spp......................................................................................... 78 - C. assimilis .............................................................................................. 83 Spatial distribution of pest larvae and epigaeic predators ................................ 88 Spatial association between predators and prey ............................................... 94 - between D. brassicae and the epigaeic predators ................................... 94 - between Meligethes spp. and the epigaeic predators............................... 97 - between C. assimilis and the epigaeic predators..................................... 98 - Discussion............................................................................................................ 100 - Conclusions ......................................................................................................... 104 - Summary............................................................................................................. 104 - References ........................................................................................................... 105 - Appendix ............................................................................................................