Ciência Rural ISSN: 0103-8478 [email protected] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Vestena Cassol, Guilherme; de Avila, Luis Antonio; Rejane Zemolin, Carla; Piveta, Andrey; Agostinetto, Dirceu; Merotto Júnior, Aldo Sensitivity of imidazolinone-resistant red rice(Oryza sativa L.) to glyphosate and glufosinate Ciência Rural, vol. 45, núm. 9, septiembre, 2015, pp. 1557-1563 Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33142185005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Ciência Rural, Santa Maria,Sensitivity v.45, n.9, of imidazolinone-resistantp.1557-1563, set, 2015 red rice ( Oryza sativa L.) to glyphosate http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140896 and glufosinate. 1557 ISSN 0103-8478 CROP PRODUCTION Sensitivity of imidazolinone-resistant red rice (Oryza sativa L.) to glyphosate and glufosinate Sensibilidade de arroz-vermelho (Oryza sativa L.) resistente às imidazolinonas, aos herbicidas glyphosate e glufosinate Guilherme Vestena CassolI Luis Antonio de AvilaI* Carla Rejane ZemolinI Andrey PivetaI Dirceu AgostinettoI Aldo Merotto JúniorII ABSTRACT concentrações herbicidas. Utilizou-se análise de regressão não linear do tipo log-logística para estimar a concentração herbicida Dose-response experiments were carried out to que proporcionou 50% de controle e redução na massa de matéria evaluate the sensitivity of imidazolinone-resistant red rice to seca da parte aérea (GR50) de arroz-vermelho. O biótipo de arroz- nonselective herbicides currently used in rice-soybean rotation vermelho resistente às imidazolinonas demonstrou maior GR50, in Rio Grande do Sul. Two red rice biotypes previously identified quando comparado ao biótipo suscetível para imazapyr+imazapic. as resistant and susceptible to the imidazolinone herbicides were Valores similares de GR50 foram observados para ambos os biótipos treated with imazapic plus imazapic, glyphosate and glufosinate tratados com glyphosate e glufosinate. Esses resultados indicam under nine herbicide rates. A non-linear log-logistic analysis was que os herbicidas glyphosate e glufosinate controlam efetivamente used to estimate the herbicide rate that provided 50% red rice control biótipos de arroz-vermelho resistente às imidazolinonas em doses and dry weight reduction (GR50). Imidazolinone-resistant red rice recomendadas para controlar biótipos suscetíveis às imidazolinonas. exhibited greater GR50 values than imidazolinone-susceptible No entanto, práticas integradas de manejo devem ser utilizadas para biotype for imazapyr plus imazapic. In contrast, both imidazolinone- retardar a evolução da resistência de arroz-vermelho aos herbicidas resistant and susceptible red rice showed similar GR50 values for glyphosate e glufosinate na rotação soja-arroz irrigado. glyphosate and glufosinate. These results indicate that glyphosate and glufosinate effectively control imidazolinone-resistant red Palavras-chave: arroz Clearfield®, herbicidas não-seletivos, rice at similar herbicide rates used to control imidazolinone- manejo do arroz-vermelho, resistência de susceptible; however, integrated weed management practices plantas daninhas, rotação soja-arroz irrigado. must be adopted in rice-soybean rotation to delay resistance evolution of red rice populations to glyphosate and glufosinate. INTRODUCTION Key words: Clearfield® rice, nonselective herbicides, red rice management, rice-soybean rotation, weed resistance. Clearfield® rice was developed using RESUMO either induced mutation by gamma radiation Curvas de dose-resposta foram conduzidas or chemical transformation by ethyl methane para avaliar a sensibilidade de arroz-vermelho resistente às sulfonate and it is commercialized since 2004 imidazolinonas para herbicidas não-seletivos, comumente in the southern Brazil (SANTOS et al., 2007). utilizados em áreas de rotação soja-arroz irrigado no Rio Grande Clearfield® rice genotypes exhibit tolerance to do Sul. Dois biótipos de arroz-vermelho, previamente identificados como suscetível e resistente às imidazolinonas, foram aspergidos the imidazolinone herbicides (IMI), which inhibit com imazapyr+imazapic, glyphosate e glufosinate sob nove acetolactate synthase (ALS), a key enzyme in IDepartamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel (FAEM), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. *Autor para correspondência. IIDepartamento de Plantas de Lavoura, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Received 06.12.14 Approved 11.20.14 Returned by the author 04.22.15 CR-2014-0896.R1 Ciência Rural, v.45, n.9, set, 2015. 1558 Cassol et al. the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids allowing the application of nonselective herbicides leucine, isoleucine and valine (AVILA et al., 2005). and other pre-emergent treatments (BURGOS et al., The introduction of Clearfield® technology 2011). In this rotation, glyphosate and glufosinate are allowed producers to selectively control red rice in commonly used as desiccation treatment prior rice irrigated rice areas with little effect on crop safety planting and, in particular, glyphosate is also applied (AVILA et al., 2005; SUDIANTO et al., 2013). The several times during the soybean season to control adoption of this technology was rapid, resulting in imidazolinone-resistant red rice. However, studies more than 50% of rice acreage planted with Clearfield® carried out in the United States have been reported rice in Rio Grande do Sul by 2012 (MENEZES et differential sensitivity of some red rice ecotypes and al., 2013). On the other hand, because the continued accessions to glufosinate and glyphosate suggesting use of this technology and minimal alternative that selection pressure imposed by the continued cultural practices being adopted concomitantly, use of these herbicides could increase resistance several red rice biotypes have evolved resistance to development in red rice populations (BURGOS et al., imidazolinone herbicides (MENEZES et al., 2009; 2011; NOLDIN et al., 1999). ROSO et al., 2010; SUDIANTO et al., 2013). Based on these findings, red rice biotypes Monitoring red rice populations from Rio carrying mutations in the ALS gene might have Grande do Sul, MENEZES et al. (2009) found that differential sensitivity to nonselective herbicides 56% of accessions were resistant to imazethapyr currently used in rice-soybean rotation in Rio Grande plus imazapic. Additional studies using the same do Sul. Moreover, additional research on herbicide populations showed that the main herbicide resistance sensitivity is needed to improve red rice management mechanism was ALS insensitivity indicating the and delay resistance evolution to nonselective occurrence of gene flow of the herbicide resistance herbicides. Thus, this study was carried out to allele from the Clearfield® rice variety to red rice evaluate the sensitivity of imidazolinone-resistant red (GOULART et al., 2012; ROSO et al., 2010). In rice to glyphosate and glufosinate. addition, long term and continued exposure of red rice populations to ALS-inhibitor herbicides used over MATERIAL AND METHODS decades in rice production may have contributed to select natural populations of IMI-tolerant red rice due A greenhouse experiment was carried to ALS polymorphism (KUK et al., 2008; RAJGURU out in 2011 and repeated in 2012 at the Centro de et al., 2005; SHIVRAIN et al., 2009). Estudos em Herbologia, Faculdade de Agronomia Amino acid substitutions in the ALS Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, sequence have been reported to alter fitness, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul. The experiment competitive traits and sensitivity of red rice hybrids was conducted in a randomized block design in to herbicides (KUK et al., 2008; RAJGURU et al., a factorial arrangement with four replications. 2005; SHIVRAIN et al., 2009). F1 plants from hybrids The factor A included the herbicides glyphosate between Clearfield® rice and red rice flowered 1-5 (Roundup Transorb®), glufosinate (Finale®) and days later and produced 20-50% more seeds than the imazapyr plus imazapic (Kifix®). The factor B was rice parent (SHIVRAIN et al., 2009). Also, a related composed by two red rice biotypes collected during study found that germination rate was higher in a rice the 2006/07 and 2007/08 growing seasons in rice genotype carrying Ala122Thr substitution than others fields of Rio Grande do Sul. The AV109 biotype imidazolinone-resistant and susceptible genotypes at was identified as imidazolinone-resistant due to low temperatures (GOULART et al., 2012). ALS gene mutation Gly654Glu (ROSO et al., 2010) The widespread occurrence of and AVsus was confirmed to be susceptible after a imidazolinone-resistant red rice led producers screening for imidazolinone resistance carried out in to integrate multiple management practices to 228 populations (MENEZES et al., 2009). The factor successfully control this weed. The most effective C included nine herbicide rates (0.001; 0.01; 0.1; practice adopted is to rotate rice with soybean 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 5.0 times the recommended Ciência Rural, v.45, n.9, set, 2015. Sensitivity of imidazolinone-resistant red rice (Oryza sativa L.) to glyphosate and glufosinate. 1559 rate)