89 2011 Lenzinger Berichte Table of Contents 1 75 YEARS HIGH-TECH FIBRES FROM KELHEIM Haio Harms CELLULOSIC GAP 12 THE CELLULOSE GAP (THE FUTURE OF CELLULOSE FIBRES) Franz Martin Hämmerle 22 THE GLOBAL VISCOSE FIBRE INDUSTRY IN THE 21ST CENTURY - THE FIRST 10 YEARS Nick Bywater 30 ENVIRONMENTAL BEST PRACTICE IN DYEING AND FINISHING OF TENCEL® AND LENZING MODAL® Jim Taylor TEXTILE APPLICATIONS 37 ENGINEERED VISCOSE FIBRES DELIVERING ENHANCED WEARER COMFORT AND FABRIC PERFORMANCE Matthew North 43 ARE FLAME RETARDANTS ALWAYS NECESSARY? BURNING BEHAVIOR OF TENCEL® IN BEDDING ARTICLES Mohammad Abu-Rous, Robert J. Morley, Johann Männer, Hartmut Rüf, Tom Burrow and Susanne Jary 50 THERMAL AND SORPTION STUDY OF FLAME RESISTANT-FIBERS Ksenija Varga, Michael F. Noisternig, Ulrich J. Griesser, Linda Aljaz and Thomas Koch 60 TENCEL® - NEW CELLULOSE FIBERS FOR CARPETS Johann Männer, Denitza Ivanoff, Robert. J. Morley and Susanne Jary FUNCTIONALISED FIBRES 72 VISCOSE FIBRES WITH NEW FUNCTIONAL QUALITIES Walter Roggenstein 78 FINE-TUNING OF PAPER CHARACTERISTICS BY INCORPORATION OF VISCOSE FIBRES Ingo Bernt 86 CATIONIC ACTIVATED VISCOSE FIBRES - DYEING OF FIBRES AND DECOLOURING OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS Roland Scholz and Dana Dedinski 91 EINFLUSS DES FASERDURCHMESSERS AUF DIE STRUKTUR UND MECHANIK CELLULOSEFASER-VERSTÄRKTER PLA-KOMPOSITE Jens Erdmann und Johannes Ganster METHODS, RAW MATERIALS, WEBS AND PARTICLES 103 TENCELWEBTM DEVELOPMENTS Mirko Einzmann, Malcolm Hayhurst, Marco Gallo and Mengkui Luo 109 THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROCESS PARAMETERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF CELLULOSE AEROGELS OBTAINED VIA THE LYOCELL ROUTE Christian Schimper, Emmerich Haimer, Martin Wendland, Antje Potthast, Thomas Rosenau and Falk Liebner 118 OVERVIEW ON NATIVE CELLULOSE AND MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE I STRUCTURE STUDIED BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION (WAXD): COMPARISON BETWEEN MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES Nicoleta Terinte, Roger Ibbett and Kurt Christian Schuster 132 13C-NMR SPECTROSCOPICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE SUBSTITUENT DISTRIBUTION IN CELLULOSE XANTHATES Katarzyna Dominiak, Horst Ebeling, Jürgen Kunze and Hans-Peter Fink 142 THE HITAC-PROCESS (HIGH TEMPERATURE ADSORPTION ON ACTIVATED CHARCOAL) NEW POSSIBILITIES IN AUTOHYDROLYSATE TREATMENT Jenny Sabrina Gütsch and Herbert Sixta 152 DISSOLVING PULPS FROM ENZYME TREATED KRAFT PULPS FOR VISCOSE APPLICATION Verena Gehmayr and Herbert Sixta IN MEMORIAM Professor Kirill E. Perepelkin 1929 2011 On 15 February development of the theory of extreme 2011, Professor properties of materials, and substantiated Perepelkin, a well- the values of theoretical and maximum known authority in attainable properties for many materials. the field of polymers and K. E. Perepelkin was a leading speaker at chemical fibers, many international conferences, amongst died at the age of others also at the Dornbirn Man-made 81 at a hospital in Fibers congress in Austria. He was the St. Petersburg. author of more than 900 scientific publications, including 20 monographs and Kirill E. Perepelkin was born on December 35 published reviews, as well as some 21, 1929 in Leningrad (now St. papers devoted to Chemical and Polymer Petersburg). In 1953 he graduated from the Encyclopedias. He was a member of the Leningrad Textile Institute, Faculty of editorial boards of 5 international scientific Chemical Technology, was awarded a journals and some Scientific Councils in Ph.D. in 1965, and in 1966 became a D.Sc. Russia. from the Leningrad Institute of Textile and Light Industry. In 1967, he received a The importance of Professor Perepelkin as Professorship at the All-Union Research a teacher resulted in 60 Ph.D. and 9 D.Sc. Institute of Chemical Fibres. Altogether theses made under his scientific from 1953 to 1983 Professor Perepelkin supervision. He was also a visiting worked at this institute, starting from professor at universities and institutes in senior scientist to finally becoming the Austria, Bulgaria, China, Germany, Head of the Research Department of Poland, Slovakia and Sweden. Fibres and Fibrous Materials. Thereafter he became Deputy Director of R&D at the Leningrad Research Institute of Chemical Fibres & Composites and from 2001 was Professor at the St. Petersburg State The Editorial Board of the journal would University of Technology and Design. like to express his deepest sympathy on the loss of Professor Perepelkin his K. E. Perepelkin has carried out death is a great loss to the scientific fundamental research into the structure world. and properties of oriented polymer materials, fibers and films. New types of DDr. Haio Harms, Kelheim Fibres fibers, with specific high performance and functional properties e.g. high- strength, superhigh-modulus, thermo- and chemo-resistance, inflammability have been of central interest to him. He investigated on the reinforcing properties of chemical fibres and specific features of their application to polymer composites, made a significant contribution to the Lenzinger Berichte 89 (2011) 1-11 75 YEARS HIGH-TECH FIBRES FROM KELHEIM Haio Harms Kelheim Fibres GmbH, Regensburger Str. 109, 93309 Kelheim, Germany Phone: (+49) 9441 99-250; Fax: (+49) 9441 99-1250; Email: [email protected] Speech Delivered to Mark the Occasion of 75 Years of Viscose Fibre Production in Kelheim on 15th July 2011 in the Presence of the Prime Minister of Bavaria, Horst Seehofer ________________________________________________________ Mr Minister President, Mr District the stops on your New Start for Bavaria President, Mr District Administrator, tour, which focuses on family, education Mr Mayor, Father Bauer, Father Brandl, and innovation. I will return later to the esteemed Members of Parliament, extent to which these are precisely the same representatives of Public Authorities, values that are important to us. Trade Associations, Science and Research Organisations, ladies and We can look back on an eventful history gentleman, dear guests, and we have every reason to celebrate. Süddeutsche Zellwolle AG in Kelheim Who would have predicted a decade ago started production in 1936, at a time when, that we would be able to celebrate our 75th due to the shortage of foreign exchange, anniversary with the opening of several importing cotton was virtually impossible plants and the announcement of substantial for Germany. The process of creating fibres new investment as a successful company, from the cellulose in wood was the only honoured by the presence of the highest way of making sufficient material to clothe officials in the region? the population. I would like to thank you all for coming: Viscose fibres are quite literally fabric your presence here is a sign that the fibre made from trees as you can see from this industry in Germany is anything but dead! illustration that I discovered in an old Mr Minister President, I am also delighted Kelheim advertising brochure: that you have made our celebration one of Lenzinger Berichte 89 (2011) 1-11 The cellulose from which our fibres are more comfort than any other product made made is sustainable, natural and by our competitors. compatible with the human body, and some of it even comes from the beech trees in our Bavarian forests. It is hard to imagine a better way of adding value to this local resource. Mr Minister President, I am not sure to what extent you are aware of the fact that Kelheim Fibres is a jewel in the crown of medium-sized companies in Bavaria even though we do not yet produce any carbon fibre here! Did you know, for example, that one of our products is important to more people throughout the world than all of the Moreover, since the production of acrylic BMWs, Audis and Mercedes put together? fibre began in 1960, the cars I was just Of course, our products are rather smaller talking about have also played a part: did you know that all of the premium car in scale but 95 % of all tampons ® throughout the world, used every month by manufacturers use Dolan , the acrylic fibre women from Australia to Alaska, contain made in Kelheim, for the soft tops of their fibres from Kelheim. And do you know cabriolets, because it is the only fibre that why? Our Galaxy® fibre is a patented, is able to withstand the rigours of the high-tech specialist product that provides weather and of permanent mechanical better performance, greater security and stresses over a long period of time? Lenzinger Berichte 89 (2011) 1-11 In the 1960s, chemical fibres were the who were willing to work with our new flagship of the German chemical identity as a medium-sized company, to industry and as a result, Kelheim was turn necessity into a virtue, to turn risks taken over by HOECHST AG. into opportunities. With the onset of globalisation, the fibres Of course, no one can catch up on 10 were first turned into a cash cow and years of missing investment in the latest then, because no effort was made to invest technologies or operate competitively in in them as a reaction to ongoing changes, the mainstream with small-scale they inevitably became lame ducks. machinery. Nobody can compete with HOECHST gave up on fibres as part of its commodities from the Far East in a high- chemical business, then gave up cost country like Germany. But with the altogether! excellent training and expertise of our staff The consequences in terms of destroying we are able to manufacture high-quality value were also felt by us at our site: there specialist products like nowhere else and were several restructuring measures and our small machines make it possible to sales in the 1990s and about 15 years ago it manufacture even tiny quantities in an all came close to being shut down which efficient and flexible way. certainly provides food for thought!! Thanks to this willingness to invest in new But you have to look after your crown processes, innovations and products, it has jewels! Economic and political once again been possible to work on circumstances change quickly and things establishing a technological edge and a can then happen very suddenly.