GENDER SENSITIVITY IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT A STUDY TO INFORM ‘BUILDING DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIES II’ Gender Sensitivity in Disaster Management Page 1 of 92 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................. 3 LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................. 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 5 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 5 METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................. 5 NATIONAL LEVEL CONCLUSIONS: ADVOCACY AND JOINT WORKING ......................................... 6 SUB-NATIONAL LEVEL CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................... 7 FINAL WORDS ......................................................................................................................................... 8 SECTION 1: BACKGROUND....................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................................... 9 1.2 CONTEXT ......................................................................................................................................... 10 1.3 STUDY OBJECTIVES....................................................................................................................... 10 1.4 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................. 11 1.5 STUDY SCOPE ................................................................................................................................ 12 SECTION 2: GENDER AUDIT.................................................................................................................... 13 2.1 NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS, LAW AND POLICY ..................................................................... 13 2.1.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT LAW (2015) ................................................................................... 14 2.1.2 NATIONAL ACTON PLAN FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (NAP-DRR) 2014-2018 – NCDM .................................................................................................................................................. 14 2.1.3 CAMBODIA CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGIC PLAN 2014-2023 (CCCSP) – NCCC .............. 16 2.1.4 GENDER AND CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGIC PLAN (GCCSP) – MoWA ........................... 16 2.2 LINKS WITH LOCAL-LEVEL PLANNING ....................................................................................... 17 2.3 MINISTERIAL LEVEL SECTORAL PLANNING FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT ....................... 17 2.3 OTHER RELEVANT STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................................................... 17 2.4 KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS – NATIONAL AND MINISTERIAL LEVELS .......... 18 2.4.1. ENTRY POINTS FOR NATIONAL LEVEL ADVOCACY AND JOINT WORKING .................... 18 2.4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 19 2.5 GENDER SENSITIVITY OF DRR PLANNING AND PROCESSES AT THE SUB-NATIONAL LEVEL ..................................................................................................................................................... 20 2.5.1 DRR PLANNING AND TRAINING PROCESSES ...................................................................... 20 2.5.2 THE DRR TRAINING PROCESS ............................................................................................... 21 2.5.3 TRAINING MODULE FOR COMMUNITY-BASED DISASTER RISK REDUCTION TRAINING OF TRAINERS ..................................................................................................................................... 22 2.5.4 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS RESPONSE PLANS (EPRPS) ........................................... 24 SECTION 3: PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH (PAR) .................................................................. 27 3.1 PAR PURPOSE, OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY ................................................................. 27 3.1.1 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................ 27 3.1.2 PARTICIPANT TARGET GROUPS ............................................................................................ 27 3.1.3 SELECTION OF GEOGRAPHIC AREAS ................................................................................... 28 3.1.4 FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS (FGDS) .................................................................................. 29 3.1.5 KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS (KIIS)..................................................................................... 30 3.2 GENDER ASPECTS OF DISASTER: UNDERSTANDING AND RESPONSES ............................. 30 3.2.1 MOST VULNERABLE GROUPS ................................................................................................ 30 3.1.2 CONTINUING CHALLENGES .................................................................................................... 34 3.2 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................ 34 3.2.1 RECOMMENDATIONS BY CCDM AND VDMG PARTICIPANTS ............................................. 34 3.2.2 KEY FINDINGS........................................................................................................................... 35 3.2.3 RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 35 3.3. LEADERSHIP AND PARTICIPATION IN DM AND DRR ............................................................... 35 3.3.1. GENDER IMBALANCES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES ............................... 35 Page 2 of 92 Gender Sensitivity in Disaster Management 3.3.2 LINKS WITH GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE .............................................................................. 41 3.3.3 SAVING FOR CHANGE GROUPS............................................................................................. 42 3.3.4 DM AND DRR AND THE PARTICIPATION OF DEPARTMENT OF WOMEN’S AFFAIRS ...... 45 3.3.5 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS BY FGD PARTICIPANTS ............................................................ 45 3.3.6 SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................. 46 SECTION 4: PAR REVIEW OF CONSORTIUM PARTNER TRAINING, GUIDELINES AND TOOLS .... 48 4.1 CBDRR TRAINING AND PARTICIPATION ..................................................................................... 48 4.2 CBDRR TOOLS AND GENDER SENSITIVITY ................................................................................ 49 4.2.1 GENDER ROLE MAPPING TOOL ............................................................................................. 49 4.3 QUANTITATIVE DATA COLLECTION AT VILLAGE AND COMMUNE LEVELS .......................... 50 4.4 KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................. 50 4.4.1 KEY FINDINGS........................................................................................................................... 50 4.4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 51 SECTION 5: SUMMARY LIST OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................... 52 5.1 KEY FINDINGS – NATIONAL LEVEL .............................................................................................. 52 5.1.1 MoWA ......................................................................................................................................... 52 5.1.2 LINKS BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION .. 52 5.1.3 OTHER STAKEHOLDERS ......................................................................................................... 52 5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS – NATIONAL LEVEL.................................................................................. 53 5.3 KEY FINDINGS–SUB-NATIONAL LEVEL ....................................................................................... 54 5.3.1 GENDER AWARENESS ............................................................................................................ 54 5.3.2 SERVING THE MOST VULNERABLE AND STRENGTHENING RESILIENCE ....................... 54 5.3.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES AND WOMEN’S LEADERSHIP/PARTICIPATION ............................................................................................................................................................. 54 5.3.4 JOBS AND MIGRATION ............................................................................................................ 55 5.3.5 GENDER SENSITIVITY IN TRAINING AND TOOLS ................................................................. 55 5.3.6 GENDER DISAGGREGATED DATA COLLECTION ................................................................. 55 5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS