Architectural Working CHaPTER 8 Drawings Figure 8.1 The La Chapelle floor plan represents real framing to carpenters who read, visualize, and build from a set of plans. Variation on framing for La Chapelle Plan Set Plan M08_POWE4171_01_SE_C08_074-093.indd 74 12/4/14 4:03 PM CHAPtER 8 Architectural Working Drawings 75 Variation on framing for La Chapelle Plan Set Plan M08_POWE4171_01_SE_C08_074-093.indd 75 12/4/14 4:03 PM 76 SECTION THREE Project Planning and Architectural Plans OBJECTIVES The sophistication and detail in a set of construction plans may vary based on building design, owner’s need, and the ar- n Define and explain the various sheets that make up a set chitect. In any case, enough detail is required to help minimize of architectural plans. mistakes and facilitate coordination within the various trades, n Identify the sheets in a set of working drawings and ex- subcontractors, and materials suppliers. In drawing construction plain the information available from each working drawing. plans, architects, drafters, or builders will illustrate many details n Define the most common scales used on architectural in only one place to eliminate confusion and redundant informa- plans. Explain why scales are important and what informa- tion. For instance, specifying the same stud spacing on every wall tion they make possible on a single plan sheet. section is not required for most plans. n Give examples of electronic plan scaling aids and software available to estimators and builders. Explain how these tools help estimators work faster and more accurately. n Explain why section views and details are important plan Title Sheets sheets. How do carpenters and other trade workers use The title sheet (Figure 8.2) is the cover for a set of architec- these views? tural plans. On new construction, the title sheet typically has n Explain how Building Information Modeling software helps build energy-efficient homes. a front elevation view of the home. The title sheet normally includes all pertinent information about the primary parties involved with the project. The title sheet will list the architect (designer), owner, builder, and major subcontractors, and it ARCHITECTURAL PLANS AND PLAN may include a green home certification program’s seal and the SHEETS green verifier’s information. Other sheets in the plan set will use a title block. The title block organizes some of the same Contract-related documents include the final building contract, information from the title page for quick reference on each detailed specification sheet(s), and working drawings for con- page. Page numbers will be part of a title block to help keep struction. This set of paperwork becomes part of the legal founda- drawings organized. tion for the project. Each document is vital to the building process. The various plan sheets listed below make up the working draw- ings that builders and subcontractors typically use to develop their Plan Visualization estimates. Carpenters will use the same drawings to interpret the Visualizing the finished home or addition by reviewing a set of design and build the structure. working drawings is a learned skill developed by builders, car- Many people refer to a set of working drawings as plans or penters, and other craftspeople. It takes practice to develop the blueprints. In fact, working drawings are part of the complete spatial skills necessary to visualize a three-dimensional building set of architectural plans. Architectural plans include working represented on a two-dimensional sheet of paper. Experienced drawings, schedules, and other sheets shown in the list below. carpenters can take a virtual tour in their minds of the finished Many architectural plan sheets are horizontal (section) views of building as they read and interpret information in a set of ar- the building. The most common plan sheets include floor plans, chitectural plans. As this chapter covers each plan sheet, draw a foundation plans, and roof plans. The order of plan sheets gen- mental picture to visualize the information and begin developing erally follows the order of the building process. Elevation views spatial skills. Figure 8.1 illustrates how the 2-D drawing becomes are usually before building plans to give builders, homeowners, a real 3-D structure. and trade workers a sense of how the entire project will look on completion. Not all architectural plan sets will include each sheet listed below. Orthographic Projection 1. Title and Legend Sheet(s) Drafters, engineers, architects, and builders use a system known as 2. Plot Plan (site plan) orthographic projection to create drawings of three-dimensional 3. Elevations buildings on two-dimensional paper. Ortho means “straight 4. Foundation Plan line” and this projection provides a graphical representation on a 5. Floor Framing Plans two-dimensional plane. The projection represents objects drawn 6. Floor Plans with a common relationship; that is, they are in scale with each 7. Ceiling Framing Plans other. Common perspectives and drawing techniques are shown 8. Roof Framing Plans in Figure 8.3. 9. Window and Door Schedules A common drawing perspective providing a three-dimensional 10. Details and Section Views view (3D) is the isometric view. Isometric views place all horizontal 11. Interior Elevations lines at 30° angles relative to the horizon with vertical lines perpen- 12. Trade Plans (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing) dicular to the horizon. With this method, all lines are to scale and 13. Specifications remain in proportion. An example is shown in Figure 8.3. M08_POWE4171_01_SE_C08_074-093.indd 76 12/4/14 4:03 PM CHAPtER 8 Architectural Working Drawings 77 S 05°00'00" W 156.29' PROPERTY BOUNDA RY LINE VED MO Mc 25 E R M UR 25' REAR 23 AD BUILDING SETBA COMMERCIAL CK LINE 21 RO R IL (RETAIL, RESTAURANTS, Y WA 19 A COMMUNITY SERVICES) W. KEITH POWELL R 105.97' D LAND CONSERVATION AREA Y L SEE NOTE 1 O X X X X X WOODED X X CONSTRUCTION / AREA RESIDENTIAL SUBDIVISION SILT FENCE Y AREA, CK LINE LAWN AREA DELLA’S PLACE LIMITS OF CK LINE SEEN NOTE 4 SITE LIMITS OF CLEARING COMMUNITY BA CLEARING INFILL LOT PARK GREENWA ET S WOODED DOWNSPOUT RAIN GUTTER .12' ING SETBA AREA STEPS D LOCATION (3 TYP.) N 02°00'00" E 30'-0" LDING 12 DECK BUI 10 1 E E 8'-9 /8" N 17'-0" 18'-0" 8 LA R 15' SIDE BUIL E 8'-0" LAWN AREA 10'-8" SAWY 33.14' 15' SID SEE NOTE 4 14'-6" ROOF 1 STORY SYMBOL OVERHANG ROOF A 32'-0" WOOD FRAME HOUSE 0" W 158 OVERHANG WINDOW SCHEDULE N 70°00'00" W 1,987 S.F. PATIO ROUGH OPENING LIGHT VENT. EGRESS ENERY SPECIFICATIONS SUB-FLOOR ELEV. = 106.32 MARK MODEL 22'-0" 33'-0" LAWN AREA WIDTH × HEIGHT S.F. S.F. W. × H. (S.F.) Design U-Factor = 0.35 2' CANTILEVER SEEN NOTE 4 STEPS 32'-10" Design SHGC = 0.40 26' A (3) 3056DH/TR 9'-0 1/2" × 6'-6 1/2" 42.75 19.44 INFILL LOTS EARN GREEN CERTIFICATION POINTS U-VALUE AND SOLAR HEAT GAIN - 17.70' 2 CAR 0" S 05°00'0 3'-0 1/2" × 7'-0 1/2" PORCH W B 3060DH/TR 14.25 6.04 COEFFICIENT (SHGC) MINIMUMS PER 2 6' GARAGE STEPS 10'-0" S - 0 15'-0" 2'-6 1/2" × 3'-0 1/2" CLIMATE ZONE 3A " C 2630DH 5.62 3.50 WOODED SITE LOCATION MAP 10’ WIDE DRIVEWAY D (2) 2030DH/TR 4'-0 1/2" × 4'-0 1/2" 13.5 8.43 EMERGENCY EGRESS " -0 SL AREA 22' ES 1” = 120’ W/ TURN-AROUND EWALK GS 10' SID 4'-0 1/2" × 6'-0 1/2" R310.1.1 MINIMUM OPENING AREA. ALL SEE NOTE 3 FOR MIN. E (3) 4050DH/TR 17.25 8.10 DR EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPTIONAL SURFACES 47.28' 2'-0 1/2" × 6'-6 1/2" IVEW F (2) 2056DH/TR 10.5 4.55 OPENINGS SHALL HAVE A CONSTRUCTION G 6010TR 6'-0 1/2" × 1'-0 1/2" 4.20 - MINIMUM NET CLEAR OPENING OF 5.7 AY STAGING AREA SQUARE FEET. (EXCEPTION: GRADE DRIVEWAY MAY ALSO BE USED WS H 9'-0 1/2" × 6'-0 1/2" 32 1/2" × 27" (6.04) M. BDR. SEE NOTE 2 (3) 3050DH/TR 40.5 18.22 FLOOR OPENINGS SHALL HAVE A MINIMUM AS CONSTRUCTION STAGING 111.09 ' LINE CK I 2'-0 1/2" × 5'-0 1/2" NET CLEAR OPENING OF 5 SQUARE FEET). UNTIL CONCRETE IS PLACED G 2040GL/TR 8.25 3.24 88.5 SETBA AND FINISHED SL E J 4010TR 4'-0 1/2" × 1'-0 1/2" 3.00 - R310.1.2 MINIMUM OPENING HEIGHT. THE UILDING ES B GS URB ONT C P MINIMUM NET CLEAR OPENING HEIGHT ' FR STO K 2050DH/TR 6'-0 1/2" × 6'-0 1/2" 9.75 4.05 25 G SHALL BE 24 INCHES. E L (2) 3050DH/TR 6'-0 1/2" × 6'-0 1/2" 27.0 12.15 32 1/2" × 27" (6.04) BDR. 2 ' 8' WIDE UTILITY ASEMENT 2'-6 1/2" × 4'-0 1/2" R310.1.3 MINIMUM OPENING WIDTH. THE WOODED 10' E 114.52' M 2630DH/TR 7.87 3.5 AREA MINIMUM NET CLEAR OPENING WIDTH G N 4050DH/TR 4'-0 1/2" × 6'-0 1/2" 17.12 7.11 41 7/8" × 28" (7.63) BDR. 3 SHALL BE 20 INCHES. W E K BENCHMARK 00" EWAL O 2'-8 1/2" × 1'-10 1/2" SID ER 28110AW 3.73 3.49 “X” ON TOP OF CONCRETE °00' LIC ULD R310.1.4 OPERATIONAL CONSTRAINTS.