EGYPTIAN CIVILIZAT ION ITS SUMEHJAN ORIGIN & REAL CHI{ONOLOGY & SUMERIAN ORIGIN OF EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHS ll Y L. A. WADDELL IVI T H t l P LA T ES 97 T EXT ILL UST R A TIONS &> 2 MAPS KING N'\ R~IAR, znd k ing of 1St E gyptia n Dynasty as por trayed in h is Mesop ot amian bas-relief LUZAC & CO., 46 GT.RUSSELLST., LONDON, W.e. I I 9 3 0 EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION ITS SUMERIAN ORIGIN ~ REAL CHRONOLOGY AND SUMERIAN ORIGIN OF EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHS BY THE SAME AUTHOR THE MAKERS OF CIVILIZATION IN RACE AND HISTORY. Showing the Rise of the Aryans or Sumerians, tlieir Origination and Propagation of Civili­ zation, their extension of it to Egypt, India, and Crete, Personalities and Achievements of their Kings, Historical Originals of Mythic Gods and Heroes, with dates from the Rise of Civilization about 3380 D.C. 37 plates and 168 text illustrations, and 5 maps. Luzac & Co., 1929. 28s. Srartling book on our Sumerian ancestors-where the British came (rom."-Daily Mail. 11 The most valuable recent work in ethnology-a new research method of great service to scientific history."-New York Times. U History rewritten."-Daily News. 11 Revolutionizes ancient history. Nowhere else except in this book of Waddell is there such a true historical framework of the Asiatico-Occidental world with the vision of the Sumerians."­ Bilyc;""is, Rome, June 1930. "Epoch-making discoveries bound to affect profoundly the work of archreologists."-United t"di'a. U Opens up to us a new and surprising historical perspective."-Leeds Mercury. 11 One of the most disillusioning of books."-Norl}urn Whig_ "Remarkable disceveries-Iavishly and beautifully illustrated."-Birmingltans Daily Mail. U A monumental book of convincingappeal and engrossing interest, not only to the historian, but to the student of mythology and comparative religion."-Dundee Courier, U The Truth about Civilization."-Literary Guide. ARYAN ORIGIN OF THE ALPHABET: Disclosing the Surnero-Phoenician Parentage 01 our Letters ancient and modern. Luzac & Co., 1927. 7s. 6d. A SUMER-ARYAN DICTIONARY: Etymological Lexicon 01 the English and other Aryan Languages ancient and modern and the Sumerian Origin 01 Egyptian and its Hieroglyphs. With plates. Luzac &: Co., 1927. 12s. INDO-SUMERIAN SEALS DECIPHERED. Luzac &: Co., 1925. 10s. THE BRITISH EDDA: The Great Epic Poem 01 the Ancient Briton on the Exploits of King Thor Arthur or Adam and his Knights in establishing Civilization, reforming Eden, and capturing the Holy Grail about 3380-3350 D.C. Reconstructed for first time Irom medieval MSS. by Babylonian, Hittite, Egyptian, Trojan, and Gothic keys, and done literally into English. With 32 plates and 162 text illustrations 01 scenes from Sumerian, Egyptian, British, and other ancient monuments, maps, etc. Chapman &: Hall, 1930. 21s. 11 A master-work, which will eventually involve the rewriting of much p'rehistory."-HARoLD BAvLEv, autbor of Archaic England. 11 His translation of the Edda Will stand as the classic rendering of the text."-Nation and Ath.entzum. PHCENICIAN ORIGIN OF THE BRITONS, SCOTS, AND ANGLO-SAXONS. 100 ill ustrations and maps. WiIliams &:Norgate, 1924. 2nd edition, 1925. 15s. H Dr Waddell's book exercises a convincing effect-his conclusions and discoveries are remark­ able, and they are advanced in a manner essentially that of the scientific historian. Deduction follows deduction until the complete edifice stands revealed with every stone in plate."­ Literary Guide, Feb. I925. DISCOVERY OF THE LOST PALlBOTHRA OF THE GREEKS. With plates and maps. Bengal Government Press, Calcutta, 1892. EXCAVATIONS AT PALlBOTHRA. With plates, plans, and maps. Government Press, Calcutta, 1903. 11 Discovery of one of the most important sites in Indian Hiltory."-Times ofIndia. PLACE, RIVER, &: MOUNTAIN NAMES IN HIMALAYAS. Calcutta, 1892. AMONG THE HIMALAYAS. With numerous original illustrations and maps. Constable, 1899. 2nd edition, 1900. 11 This is one of the most fascinating books we have ever seen. "-Daily Chronicle. 11 One of rhe most valuable books on the Himalayas."-Saturday Review. WILD TRIBES OF THE BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY. Calcutta, 1900. THE BUDDHISM OF TIBET. With 150 illustrations. W. H. Alien &: Co., 1895 11 This is a book which considerably extends the domain of human knowledge. Every page contains new materials; many of his chapters are entirely new, and the whole forms an enduring memorial of laborious original research. He is the first European who, equipped with the resources of modern scholarship, has penetrated the esoteric Buddhism of Tibet."-Tlte Times, LHASA AND ITS MYSTERIES. With 200 original illustrations and maps. J. Murray, 1905. 4th edition, Methuen &: Co., 1930. 25s. 11 Rich in information and instinct with literary charm. Every page bears witness to first­ hand knowledge of the country ... the author is master of his subject. It is a mine of quaint folk-lore, of philology and natural history, and the descriptions of scenery are delightful ... there is scarcely a page without some droll suggestion."-Times Literary SupplemetJ t. 11 The foremost living authority on his subject."-Dail.1 Chronicle. H Of all the books on Tibet this is the most complete and the most anthoritative. His perpetual curiosity, his diligent research, his exceptional knowledge and his vigorous style of writing, give to this work both authority and brightness."-Contemporary Review. PLATE I (Frontispiece. A B CONTEMPORARY PORTRAIT STATUE OF KING MENES FOUNDER OF THE FIRST EGYPTIAN DYNASTY AS MANIS-THE-WARRIOR, SUMERIAN EMPEROR OF MESOPOTAMIA c. 2655 B.C. In alabaster, ! life-size. A, front view; B, back view, with Sumerian inscription of his high official dedicating statue to the Sun-god. Found at Susa in Elam, where it is supposed to have been carried off from Kish City in a raid. Now in the Louvre. (After D.P. x, PI. I.) Note the eyeballs are formed of white limestone let into sockets and cemented with bitumen; and the irises. now wanting, are supposed to have been formed by inlaid blue lapis-lazuli stone, as in other socketed eyeballs in Sumerian and Egyptian statuettes and figurines about this period. The beard with shaven upper lip is also noteworthy; and compare with Fig. 10, p. 39. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION ITS SUMERIAN ORIGIN & REAL CHRONOLOGY AND SUMERIAN ORIGIN OF EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHS BY L. A. W ADDELL LL.D•• C.B .• C.I.E. AUTHOR OF 11 THE MAKERS OF CIVILIZATION IN RACE AND HISTORV/ 11 A SUMERoARVANIlDICTlONARV/' 11 THE"ARYAN ORIGIN OF THE ALPHABET" THE BRITISH EDDA, ETC., ETC., ETC. WITH 21 PLATES, 97 TEXT ILLUSTRATIONS 6' 2 MAPS LONDON LUZAC & CO. 46 GREAT RUSSELL STREET 1930 All Rights Reserved PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY THE EDINBURGH PRESS, 9 AND 11 YOUNG STREET, EDINBURGH TO ISLAY BURNS MUIRHEAD, MA, M.D. IN ADMIRATION OF HIS NOBLE CHARACTER AND WIDE CULTURE AND ESTEEM FOR HIS INSPIRING FRIENDSHIP FOR OVER HALF A CENTURY, AND CONSTANT ENCOURAGEMENT AND HELPFUL CRITICISM IN THESE HISTORICAL RESEARCHES THIS BOOK IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR PREFACE "What were the People by whom it (Egyptian Civilization) was developed, the Country whence they came, the Race to which they belonged, is to-day unknown." -Sir G. MASPERO, Dawn of Civilization, 192 2 , 45. "In dealing with Egyptian Chronology it must always be remembered that, com­ paratively speaking, little is known about it."-Sir WALLlS BUDGE, The Book of Kings of Egypt, I, xlii. IN spite of the advances in our knowledge of Ancient Egypt which decipherment of many of the monuments of the old Pharaohs has made possible, two basic questions of the first magnitude still remain outstanding in as great uncertainty as in the days of Herodotus. These are the question of the Origin of the Civilization of the Country, and the question of the Dates of its Kings and Dynasties. As regards the former, opinions differ as to whether civilization was indigenous or imposed from without. And, although on the whole the tendency is towards belief that the Egyptians, like so many other races both ancient and modern, owed their culture to conquest by more advanced and intrusive peoples, yet who the conquerors were and when the invasions took place has remained unknown owing to lack of evidence on which to base a judgment. And a like absence of evidence as regards chronology has made the dating of the early and most of the later Pharaohs an affair of guesswork, and led equally able and conscientious inquirers to fix the period of Menes and his First Dynastyat dates differing from one another by as much as over two millenniums of years. In my recently published Makers of Civilization, I showed incidentally the bearing upon Egyptian problems of my collation of the Mesopotamian inscriptions and official King-Lists of the Sumerians (the oldest known civilized people) with the official King-Lists of the Early Aryans of the " Caucasian race" in the Indian Puranas. And in the present work I have sought to meet the requirements and vu viii EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION OF SUMER ORIGIN expressed wishes of Egyptologists by supplying them with a statement in full of the new evidence as to the real date and origin of the Nile Valley Civilization and the historical personalities and origin and real dates of its unknown introducers and early developers, disengaged from the extraneous matters with which the subject was necessarily mixed up in the larger treatise. For all the latest excava­ tions in Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley, further confirm those discoveries. What put me on the track of the new evidence was the discovery that a great deal in the ancient Indian Epics and Vedas regarding the