STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN Contents Page Table of Contents I Abbreviations and Acronyms IX Executive Summary i 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 2. OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................... 3 3. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 4 3.1 General ................................................................................................................ 4 3.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................ 4 3.2.1 General .................................................................................................. 4 3.2.2 Data Collection and Validation ................................................................ 5 3.2.3 Modelling for Assessment of Surface Water Potential............................. 9 3.2.4 Inter-state Water Sharing ...................................................................... 10 3.2.5 Groundwater Data Processing .............................................................. 11 3.2.6 Groundwater Abstraction Village-wise .................................................. 19 3.2.7 Assessment of Dynamic Ground Water Resources .............................. 19 3.2.8 Assessment of Static Ground Water Resources ................................... 20 4. APPLIED BACKGROUND ................................................................................................. 22 4.1 Climate ............................................................................................................... 22 4.1.1 Temperature ......................................................................................... 22 4.1.2 Rainfall ................................................................................................. 23 4.1.3 Evaporation .......................................................................................... 24 4.1.4 Wind Speed .......................................................................................... 26 4.1.5 Sunshine Hours .................................................................................... 26 4.1.6 Relative Humidity .................................................................................. 27 4.2 Terrestrial Elements ........................................................................................... 29 4.2.1 Physiography ........................................................................................ 29 4.2.2 Drainage ............................................................................................... 30 4.2.3 Geology ................................................................................................ 30 4.2.4 Structure ............................................................................................... 36 4.2.5 Hydrogeological Units ........................................................................... 37 4.3 Administrative Setup .......................................................................................... 42 5. SCOPE ......................................................................................................................... 46 6. SURFACE WATERS ORIGINATING WITHIN RAJASTHAN ...................................................... 46 6.1 General .............................................................................................................. 46 6.2 Basin-Wise Natural (Virgin) Surface Water Assessment .................................... 49 7. IMPORTED SURFACE WATER ......................................................................................... 53 7.1 General .............................................................................................................. 53 7.2 Outside Basin (including Ghaggar Basin) North Schemes .................................. 55 7.2.1 Ravi-Beas-Sutlej (RBS) Waters ............................................................ 55 7.2.2 Gang Canal System ............................................................................. 56 7.2.3 Bhakra Canal System ........................................................................... 57 7.2.4 Nohar-Sidhmukh System ...................................................................... 58 7.2.5 Indira Gandhi Nahar Project (IGNP) ..................................................... 59 7.2.6 Water Utilization ................................................................................... 60 7.2.7 Ghaggar River Basin ............................................................................ 66 7.2.8 Ganga River Water ............................................................................... 77 7.3 Yamuna River Water Import System (Gurgaon & Bharatpur Canal) ................... 78 7.4 Chambal River System ....................................................................................... 81 7.4.1 General Setup ...................................................................................... 81 7.4.2 Proposed Further Development ............................................................ 84 7.5 Mahi River System ............................................................................................. 85 7.5.1 General Setup ...................................................................................... 85 7.5.2 Utilization of Water Potential ................................................................. 86 Main Report-IN-24740-R13-073 July, 2014 Surface and Ground Water Availability I STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN 7.6 Narmada System ............................................................................................... 87 7.7 Shortage of Imported Water Received in Rajasthan ........................................... 89 7.7.1 Recent Water Sharing Statements........................................................ 89 7.7.2 Imported Water during 2009-10 .......................................................... 100 8. GROUNDWATER .......................................................................................................... 101 8.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 101 8.2 Hydrogeology of Rajasthan State ..................................................................... 111 8.3 Groundwater Exploration .................................................................................. 113 8.4 Groundwater Level ........................................................................................... 115 8.4.1 General .............................................................................................. 115 8.4.2 Depth to Ground Water Level (Pre-Monsoon 2010) ............................ 115 8.4.3 Depth to Water Level (Post-Monsoon 2010) ....................................... 115 8.4.4 Groundwater Level Fluctuation ........................................................... 116 8.5 Dynamic Groundwater Resources .................................................................... 116 8.6 Static Groundwater Resources ......................................................................... 119 9. SUMMARY OF WATER RESOURCES AVAILABILITY .......................................................... 120 9.1 General ............................................................................................................ 120 9.2 Specific Basin-wise Details .............................................................................. 124 10. COMPARISON OF CURRENT STUDY ’S WATER AVAILABILITY WITH EARLIER TAHAL- WAPCOS STUDY (1998) ............................................................................................ 125 10.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 125 10.2 Natural (Virgin) Surface Water Availability ........................................................ 126 10.3 Dynamic Groundwater Availability .................................................................... 127 11. RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................... 129 11.1 Recommendations on River Gauge and Discharge Sites ................................. 129 Main Report-IN-24740-R13-073 July, 2014 Surface and Ground Water Availability II STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN List of Figures Page Figure 3.2-1 Schematic Process and Main Stages of Groundwater Data 13 Validation Figure 3.2-2 Correlation between TDS and EC. (Sample from Banas 17 Basin) Figure 3.2-3 Correlation between Cl and EC (Sample from Banas Basin) 18 Figure 4.1-1 Mean Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperatures per 23 Month Figure 4.1-2 Mean Daily Highest Maximum and Lowest Minimum 23 Temperature per Month Figure 4.1-3 Mean Annual Daily Maximum Temperature in Rajasthan Following Page 24 Figure 4.1-4 Mean Annual Daily Minimum Temperature in Rajasthan Following Page 24 Figure 4.1-5 Mean Annual Daily Highest Maximum Temperature in Following Page 24 Rajasthan Figure 4.1-6 Mean Annual Daily Lowest Minimum Temperature in Following Page 24 Rajasthan Figure 4.1-7 Mean Monsoon (JJAS) Total Rainfall in Rajasthan Following Page 24 Figure 4.1-8 Mean Annual Total Rainfall in Rajasthan Following Page 24 Figure 4.1-9 Mean Annual Total Rainfall in Rajasthan Following Page 24 Figure