Final Report tCL oe' EnvironmentalAssessment of SecondMadras Water Supply Project NewVeeranam Public Disclosure Authorized Volume I (17O'.'E,-' FILECCPY. Sponsor: Public Disclosure Authorized TamilNadu Water Supply and Drai e (TWAD)Board 4s-g.~ =___ -_ _ _ Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized NationalEnvironmental Engineering Research Institute Nehru Marg, Nagpur - 440 020 October 1994 5t i('wrseobiE,XeciMAI(". 71T5 I , lIeptione1a 235196*4 4fTTt / X1/ x n,Pr)06cS;C IrN SIi r a T PALX 2352122 w11~I (A,cir,~ c:cNSE,\IlCI I MA1I~AS t~~Iep erAX2351964 NATIONALENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE TF.M 3cT RiqT'IYIITIIMADRAS ZONAL LABORATORY tT. T 31 F RT745IsTfhl ^;: CSIRMADRAS COMPLEX ftifhq' 7YM U=173T. Er, I TARAMANI P.O. Scientist & Head q7 I MADRAS - 600 113. #7: x.q ;ZA. y E . IDi. A Ref: MZLI No. 14.12.1994 To: The Managing Director Tamil Nadu Water Supply & Drainage Board Chepauk Madras 600 005 Sub: World Bank Mission in Second Madras Water Supply - New Veeranam Project - EA S i r-, Keeping with discus-ion had o01 review meeting on the above subject on 7th and 8th December 1994 regarding the significance of possible impacts on farmers during bad and very bad years, the last paragraph of the item No. 5.4.2 of Environmental Assesment Report (Final Report - Volume I) now stands modified as enclosed. This may be treated as addendum of Environmental Assessment Report. Thanking you, Yours faithfully, (N. Jothikumar) cc to The ExecuLive Director MMWSSB No.1, Pumping Station Madras 600 002 2352122 Ext.: 114 Gram CONSEARCH, Madras 6 CSIR IN C Fax 2350508 AL ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE (Council of Scientific & Industial Research) MADRASZONAL LABORATORY CSIR MADRAS COMPLEX TARAMANI, MADRAS 600 113 Date:........................................ ADDENDUM Consultants' hydrological findings verify that rative measures farmers would be adversely affected f irrigation water in bad and very bad years. In eglJard the farmers' interests,Government of Tamil agreed to include source works improvements and mmand modernization as integral components of the ii) issued a government order, contingency plan and les for the operation of the Mettur reservoir and ank, which provides for additional water release servoir. Government of Tamil Nadu would consult ted farmers and reach consensus with them through ural association or local governments on the ements and government order before project start- NEERIFOR SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT Environmental Assessment of Second Madras Water Supply Project - New Veeranam Volume I Sponsor Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage (TWAD)Board National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nehru Marg, Nagpur - 440 020 October 1994 FOREWORD In order to mitigatethe chronic drinking water shortage in Madras city, the Govemmentof TamilNadu is considering, as an urgent and emergencymeasure, an additional source of potable water, viz. Veeranamlake for implementationwith World Bank assistance. The project envisages,after augmentationof Veeranam storage capacity, drawat of 190 mid of raw water from the lake, complete conventionaltreatment and conveyance of treatedwater bypumping overa distance of 230 km to Madras city for distribution.To ensure that the developmentaloptions under consideration in the New Veeranamproject are environmentallysound and sustainable,and that any environmentalconsequences are recognised early, the Tamil Nadu WaterSupply and Drainage (TWAD)Board, in concurrence with the World Bank, retained the National EnvironmentalEngineering Research Institute (NEERI)in January,1994 to prepare the environmentalassessment of the project The report presents the baseline status of the major environmental components of the project area, and the requirements for environmental assessment of such projects at international,national and state levels. Public meetings were organised to obtain the views of local NGOs and project affected people and to identify any new issues to be addressed in the design and implementation of the project. Significant potential impacts during pre-construction, construction and operationalphases of the project have been identified, predicted and quantified wherever feasible, and evaluated. An environmental management plan (EMP) for mitigating adverse impacts and maximisingbeneficial impacts has also been delineated. The co-operation and assistance rendered by the officials of TWAD, MMWSSBand PWD in the completion of the study is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are also due to the officials of a number of organisations who readily furnished informationfor the study. Nagpur (P. Khanna) October, 1994 Director PROJECT PERSONNEL NEERI Mr. Aboo, K.M. Dr. Padmanabhan, P. Er. Andey, S.P. Mr. Ratnaparki, D.Y. Dr. Choudhari, P.R. Mr. Rajkumar, B. Mr. Deshpande, P.A. Er. Ravindar Rao, R. Dr. Dharmadhikari, D.M. Dr. Reddy, R.C. Dr. Jayabalu, R. Dr.(Ms.) Sarkar, R. Dr. Jothi Kumar, N. Mr. Sitre, S.R. Dr. Kale, C.K. Mr. Subba Rao, K. Er. Kelkar,P.S. Dr. Subrahmanyam, Y.V. Mr. Kothandaraman, V. Mr. Subramaniam, C. Mr. Manivel, U. Er. Turkhede, J.B. Mr. Nesaraj, T.A. Ms. Vidhya, V. Mr. Natarajan, K.M. Ms. Vyas Smita REPORT PREPARATION Er. Andey, S.P. Er. Ravindar Rao, R. Mr. Deshpande, P.A. Dr. Reddy, R.C. Er. Kelkar, P.S. Dr.(Ms.) Sarkar, R. Dr. Paramasivam, R. Er. Turkhede, J.B. SECRETARIAL ASSISTANCE Mr. Awasthi, J.O. Mr. Ninan, K.P. Mr. Deshpande, D.R. Mr. Ramesh, S. Mr. Dhawle, A.H. Mr. Sankaran, V.K. Mr. Krishna Kumar, C. Mr. Somkunwar, G.U. PROJECT LEADER Dr. Paramasivam, R. PROJECT COORDINATOR Dr.P. Khanna RESOURCE PERSONNEL TWAD BOARD Mr. Karpoorasundarapandian, R. IAS Managing Director Mr. Subburaj, V.K. IAS Managing Director (till November 29, 1993) Er. Natarajan, M. Engineering Director Er. Narasimhalu, K. Chief Engineer (P & D) Er. Mohideen, S.A.M. Chief Engineer (WB Project) Er. Arumugam, K.P. Superintending Engineer Er. Rangabashiam, R. Deputy Chief Engineer Er. Seetharaman, V. Executive Engineer Er. Thangavelu, V. Executive Engineer Er. Balakumar, N. Asst. Executive Engineer Er. Hariharasubramanyam, B. Asst. Executive Engineer MMWSSB Ms. Santha Sheela Nair, IAS Chairperson & Managing Director Mr. Srinivasan, M.S.,IAS Chairman & Managing Director (till August 8, 1994) Er. Srinivasan, S. Engineering Director (till February 28, 1994) Er. Mohan Raj, C.N. Chief Engineer (RP) Er. Gandhi, R.M. Superintending Engineer (WB Cell) Er. Narasimhan, T.M.C. Executive Engineer Er. Karunakaran, M. Executive Engineer PWD (VEERANAM PROJECT) Er. Palanisamy, K.O. Chief Engineer (Irrigation) Er. Krishnaswamy, T. Joint Chief Engineer Er. Rajaram Superintending Engineer Er. Chandrasekaran, V. Executive Engineer Er. Panneerselvan, R. Officer on Special Duty Er. Deenadayalan, G. Technical Officer/ EE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS * Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, Govt. of Tamil Nadu * Archaeology Department, Govt. of Tamil Nadu * Highways Department, Govt. of Tamil Nadu * Fisheries Department, Govt. of Tamil Nadu * Directorate of Health and Preventive Maintenance, Madras * Anna University, Madras * Annamalai University, Chidambaram * Tata Consulting Engineers, Bombay CONTENTS VOLUME I CHAPTER TITLE PAGE List of Figures (i) List of Tables (ii) List of Acronyms Used (ix) 1. Introduction 1-1 1.1 Preamble 1-1 1.2 objective of the Study 1-2 1.3 Scope of Work 1-3 1.4 The Study Area 1-3 1.5 Methodology 1-4 1.6 Organisation of the Report 1-5 2. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 2-1 for Environmental Assessment 2.1 General 2-1 2.2 World Bank Guidelines 2-2 2.3 National Policy Guidelines 2-3 2.4 Tamil Nadu State Environmental Committee 2-6 2.5 Madras Metropolitan Groundwater Act 2-6 2.6 Statutory EA Requirements 2-6 3. Description of the Proposed Project 3-1 3.1 Background 3-1 3.2 The Second Water Supply Project 3-2 - New Veeranam CHAPTER TITLE PAGE 3.2.1 Components of New Veeranam 3-3 Project 3.3 Alternatives Evaluated 3-11 3.4 Project Cost 3-16 3.5 Project Implementation 3-16 3.6 Useful Life of the Project 3-17 3.7 Organisational Aspects 3-18 4. Description of the Environme-nt 4-1 4.1 Preamble 4-1 4.2 Study Area 4-1 4.2.1 Madras City 4-1 4.2.2 Veeranam Lake and its Ayacut 4-2 4.2.3 Pipeline ROW 4-4 4.3 Physical Environment 4-4 4.3.1 Geology 4-4 4.3.2 Topography 4-5 4.3.3 Soils 4-6 4.3.4 Climate and Meteorology 4-6 4.3.5 Air Quality 4-7 4.3.6 Noise Levels 4-8 4.3.7 Surface Water Hydrology 4-10 4.3.8 Groundwater Hydrology 4-13 4.3.9 Water Quality 4-14 4.4 Biological Environment 4-19 4.4.1 Terrestrial Ecology 4-19 4.4.2 Aquatic Ecology 4-25 CHAPTER TITLE PAGE 4.4.3 Sensitive Areas 4-33 4.5 Socio Cultural Environment 4-36 4.5.1 Population 4-36 4.5.2 Land Use 4-38 4.5.3 Domestic Water Supply 4-38 4.5.4 Distribution System 4-40 4.5.5 Industrial Water Use 4-40 4.5.6 Water Quality 4-42 4.5.7 Wastewater Management 4-42 4.5.8 Planned Ongoing Development 4-47 Activities 4.5.9 Employment 4-50 4.5.10 Education 4-51 4.5.11 Housing 4-51 4.5.12 Income Distribution in MMA 4-51 4.5.13 Water Based Recreation 4-52 4.5.14 Public Health 4-52 4.5.15 Accidents and Occupational Safety 4-53 4.5.16 Cultural Properties 4-54 4.5.17 Tribal People 4-54 4.5.18 Customs, Aspirations and Attitudes 4-55 5. Identification of Impacts 5-1 5.1 General 5-1 5.2 Impact Networks 5-2 5.3 Major Potential Environmental Impacts 5-8 CHAPTER TITLE PAGE 5.4 Significant Impacts 5-9 5.4.1 Socio-economic Impacts 5-9 5.4.2 Socio-economic Impacts in the 5-13 Veeranam Irrigation Command Area 5.4.3 Potential Risks from Failure of 5-13 Bund and Transmission Main 5.4.4 Potential Impacts of Alternative 5-15 Pipeline Alignments between Kelambakkam and Madras 5.5 Potential Impacts of Alternative Sites for 5-17 Water Treatment Plant 5.6 Other Impacts 5-19 5.7 Issues Identified through Public Meetings 5-22 6.