S. Hrg. 108–591 NOMINATION OF ALLEN WEINSTEIN HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION ON THE NOMINATION OF ALLEN WEINSTEIN, OF MARYLAND, TO BE ARCHIVIST OF THE UNITED STATES, NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMIN- ISTRATION JULY 22, 2004 Printed for the use of the Committee on Governmental Affairs ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 95–504 PDF WASHINGTON : 2004 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:33 Oct 22, 2004 Jkt 095504 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\DOCS\95504.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PHOGAN COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS SUSAN M. COLLINS, Maine, Chairman TED STEVENS, Alaska JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, Ohio CARL LEVIN, Michigan NORM COLEMAN, Minnesota DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware PETER G. FITZGERALD, Illinois MARK DAYTON, Minnesota JOHN E. SUNUNU, New Hampshire FRANK LAUTENBERG, New Jersey RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama MARK PRYOR, Arkansas MICHAEL D. BOPP, Staff Director and Chief Counsel JOHANNA L. HARDY, Senior Counsel JOYCE A. RECHTSCHAFFEN, Minority Staff Director and Counsel JENNIFER E. HAMILTON, Minority Research Assistant AMY B. NEWHOUSE, Chief Clerk (II) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:33 Oct 22, 2004 Jkt 095504 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\DOCS\95504.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PHOGAN C O N T E N T S Opening statements: Page Senator Collins ................................................................................................. 1 Senator Lieberman ........................................................................................... 4 Senator Shelby .................................................................................................. 6 Senator Durbin ................................................................................................. 7 Senator Levin .................................................................................................... 7 Prepared statement: Senator Lautenberg .......................................................................................... 25 WITNESSES THURSDAY, JULY 22, 2004 Hon. Richard Lugar, a U.S. Senator from the State of Indiana .......................... 3 Allen Weinstein, to be Archivist of the United States, National Archives and Records Administration ................................................................................ 9 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WITNESSES Lugar, Hon. Richard: Testimony .......................................................................................................... 3 Weinstein, Allen: Testimony .......................................................................................................... 9 Prepared Statement ......................................................................................... 26 Biographical and professional information requested of nominees .............. 32 Pre-hearing questionnaire for the Record ...................................................... 44 Responses to pre-hearing questionnaire for the Record ................................ 53 Post-hearing questions from Senators ............................................................ 123 APPENDIX Additional letters and prepared statements submitted for the Record Letter from Senator Levin to Mr. Carlin, dated July 21, 2004 .................... 130 Letter to Senator Levin from Mr. Carlin, dated July 22, 2004 .................... 131 Letter to the President from Mr. Carlin, dated December 19, 2003 ............ 132 Letter to Senator Collins from Senator Hutchison, dated May 12, 2004 .... 133 Letter to Senators Collins and Lieberman from Juanita M. Skillman, CRM, FAI, Chairman, ARMA International, dated April 27, 2004 .......... 134 ARMA International, prepared statement ..................................................... 137 Society of American Archivists, prepared statement with an attachment .. 143 National Coalition for History, prepared statement with attachments ....... 148 Letters to Senator Collins from: Sharon Babaian, President, National Council on Public History, dated July 16, 2004 ................................................................................................. 155 Barbara B. Kennelly, President and CEO, National Committee to Pre- serve Social Security and Medicare, dated April 27, 2004 ........................ 157 James S. Henderson, Director, Maine State Archives, dated May 13, 2004 ................................................................................................................ 158 Timothy J. Naftali, Associate Professor, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia, dated May 4, 2004 .................................................. 160 Heather Gallegos-Rex, President, New Mexico Library Association, dated May 6, 2004 ................................................................................................... 162 Elspeth Davies Rostow, Stiles Professor Emerita, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin, dated May 6, 2004 ............................................................................................................ 163 (III) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:33 Oct 22, 2004 Jkt 095504 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\DOCS\95504.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PHOGAN IV Page Letters to Senator Collins from—Continued Thomas F. Eagleton, Thompson Coburn LLP, St. Louis, Missouri, dated May 14, 2004 ................................................................................................. 164 Daraka S. Cook, President, Maryland Library Association, dated June 9, 2004 ............................................................................................................ 166 Robert L. Livingston, The Ivingston Group, LLC, dated April 13, 2004 ..... 168 Susanne Hoeber Rudolph, President, American Political Science Associa- tion, and Michael A. Genovese, President, Presidency Research Group, a section of the American Political Science Association, dated July 26, 2004 .......................................................................................................... 170 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:33 Oct 22, 2004 Jkt 095504 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\DOCS\95504.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PHOGAN NOMINATION OF ALLEN WEINSTEIN THURSDAY, JULY 22, 2004 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS, Washington, DC. The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 3:30 p.m., in room SD–342, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Susan M. Collins, Chairman of the Committee, presiding. Present: Senators Collins, Shelby, Lieberman, Levin, and Durbin. OPENING STATEMENT OF CHAIRMAN COLLINS Chairman COLLINS. The Committee will come to order. This afternoon, the Committee on Governmental Affairs is hold- ing a hearing to consider the nomination of Allen Weinstein to be the Archivist of the United States. As anyone who loves history knows, the Archivist holds an im- portant and challenging position. As head of the National Archives and Records Administration, the Archivist is responsible for main- taining the historical documents of our country and for ensuring that those and other government records are preserved for the pub- lic. Currently, the National Archives holds an astounding 6 billion pieces of paper, 18 million aerial photographs, 11 million still pic- tures, 3 million architectural and engineering plans, 2 million maps and charts, and hundreds of thousands of motion pictures and audio and video recordings. The Archivist provides guidance and assistance to Federal offi- cials on the management of records to determine their retention and disposition. He must decide where to place those records with sufficient value to warrant their continued preservation. Not sur- prisingly, the National Archives is running out of storage space. However, space is one of only many challenges facing the National Archives. While rapidly advancing information technology has been a boon for business and government alike, it has created a particularly dif- ficult problem for the Archivist. Ensuring that electronic docu- ments created using today’s software and computer programs will be accessible 50 or 100 years from now creates novel technological and archival issues. The current Archivist, Governor John Carlin, has been working on this problem for several years and the Na- tional Archives will soon begin the design competition phase for its electronic record archives. Whoever replaces him must continue to make this significant project a high priority. The Archivist is also responsible for making grants to non-Fed- eral institutions to support historical documentation through the (1) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:33 Oct 22, 2004 Jkt 095504 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 C:\DOCS\95504.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PHOGAN 2 National Historical Publications and Records Commission. In Maine, for example, 23 museums, libraries, colleges, State and local agencies have received more than $1 million in grants to improve the preservation of, and access to, their historic records. It is vitally important to such institutions throughout the Nation that the Ar- chivist ensure that this program is adequately funded. The Archivist must also be able to work with key stakeholders. Other archivists, historians, records managers, and ordinary citi- zens all