Identification of bottlenecks and inefficiencies in transport flows in Baltic Loop East-West corridors with emphasis on maritime logistics Authors: Irina Wahlström & Yiran Chen, Åbo Akademi University Published: September, 2020 Identification of bottlenecks and inefficiencies in transport flows in Baltic Loop East-West corridors with emphasis on maritime logistics By Irina Wahlström & Yiran Chen Copyright: Reproduction of this publication in whole or in part must include the customary bibliographic citation, including author attribution, report title, etc. Contents 1. Background and objectives of the report .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Background .................................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Objectives ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Material and methods .............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.4. Report structure ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 2. International governance and targets for transportation systems .................................................................. 4 2.1. Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T).................................................................................................... 4 2.2. Scandinavian-Mediterranean Corridor .............................................................................................................. 6 3. Trends in maritime transport industry ........................................................................................................................ 8 3.1. Trade ............................................................................................................................................................................... 8 3.2. Technological development and digitalisation .......................................................................................... 10 3.3. Environmental Agenda and Maritime Regulatory Framework ............................................................. 12 4. Transport flows in Sweden ........................................................................................................................................... 19 4.1. Foreign trade ............................................................................................................................................................ 19 4.2. Transport flows in Örebro and Stockholm- Mälar regions ...................................................................... 22 4.3. Transport modes ..................................................................................................................................................... 25 4.4. Freight transport projections ............................................................................................................................. 26 4.5. Transport system development in Sweden .................................................................................................. 32 5. Baltic Loop Corridors ...................................................................................................................................................... 36 5.1. The Northern Corridor .......................................................................................................................................... 37 5.1.1. Örebro-Stockholm/Kapellskär ................................................................................................................. 38 5.1.2. Ports of the Northern Corridor ................................................................................................................ 40 5.1.3. Naantali/Turku-Vaalimaa ........................................................................................................................... 59 5.2. The Middle Corridor ............................................................................................................................................... 60 5.2.1. Paldiski-Tallinn-Narva ................................................................................................................................. 61 5.2.2. Ports of the Middle Corridor ..................................................................................................................... 63 5.3. The Southern Corridor .......................................................................................................................................... 69 5.3.1. Ventspils-Riga ................................................................................................................................................ 70 5.3.2. Riga-Valka ........................................................................................................................................................ 70 5.3.3. Ports of the Southern Corridor ................................................................................................................ 72 6. Stakeholder questionnaire results ............................................................................................................................. 83 6.1. Characteristics of respondents .......................................................................................................................... 84 6.2. Occurrence of delays ............................................................................................................................................. 87 6.3. Causes of delay ........................................................................................................................................................ 89 6.4. Conditions for smooth transport flows .......................................................................................................... 92 6.5. Hindrances of transport infrastructure development ............................................................................... 93 6.6. Potential solutions .................................................................................................................................................. 94 7. Maritime stakeholder interview results ................................................................................................................... 96 8. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................................................... 98 APPENDIX I: Visualisation of Baltic Loop port goods volumes ................................................................................. 101 APPENDIX II: National level quantitative questionnaire results............................................................................... 105 APPENDIX III: Baltic Loop Corridor inland freight flows .............................................................................................. 117 APPENDIX IV: Bottlenecks and deficiencies affecting Örebro County ................................................................. 130 List of Tables Table 1 Transport work (billion tonne kilometres) growth projection for all transport modes during 2012- 2040 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 Table 2 Projection on the road traffic development resulting from simulated port throughput growths ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 32 Table 3 Traffic bottlenecks and prioritised development measures of transport infrastructure in Stockholm Mälar region ........................................................................................................................................................... 35 Table 4 Transport modes and services provided along the Northern Corridor in Sweden ............................ 38 Table 5 Ports and sea routes of the Northern Corridor ................................................................................................. 40 Table 6 Infrastructure of Port of Stockholm ...................................................................................................................... 42 Table 7 Port of Stockholm general overview .................................................................................................................... 43 Table 8 Port of Stockholm gross freight volumes per commodity group ............................................................. 43 Table 9 Breakdown of overall and ro-ro cargo flows from Port of Stockholm feeding into the Baltic Loop transport corridors ...................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Table 10 Infrastructure of Port of Kapellskär ....................................................................................................................