ROSS SEA WEDDELL SEA AMUNDSEN SEA ANTARCTICA BELLINGSHAUSEN SEA AMERY ICE SHELF SOUTHERN OCEAN SOUTHERN OCEAN SOUTHERN OCEAN SCOTIA SEA DRAKE PASSAGE FALKLAND ISLANDS Stanley (U.K.) THE RATIO OF LAND TO WATER IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE BY THE TIME EUROPEANS ADOPTED IS 1 TO 5 THE NORTH-POINTING COMPASS, PTOLEMY WAS A HELLENIC Wellington THEY WERE ALREADY EXPERIENCED NEW TASMAN SEA ZEALAND CARTOGRAPHER WHOSE WORK CHILE IN NAVIGATING WITH REFERENCE TO IN THE SECOND CENTURY A.D. ARGENTINA THE NORTH STAR Canberra Buenos Santiago GREAT AUSTRALIAN BIGHT POPULARIZED NORTH-UP Montevideo Aires SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN URUGUAY ORIENTATION SOUTH AFRICA Maseru LESOTHO SWAZILAND Mbabane Maputo Asunción AUSTRALIA Pretoria Gaborone NEW Windhoek PARAGUAY TONGA Nouméa CALEDONIA BOTSWANA Saint Denis NAMIBIA Nuku’Alofa (FRANCE) MAURITIUS Port Louis Antananarivo MOZAMBIQUE CHANNEL ZIMBABWE Suva Port Vila MADAGASCAR VANUATU MOZAMBIQUE Harare La Paz INDIAN OCEAN Brasília LAKE SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN FIJI Lusaka TITICACA CORAL SEA GREAT GULF OF BARRIER CARPENTARIA Lilongwe ZAMBIA BOLIVIA FRENCH POLYNESIA Apia REEF LAKE (FRANCE) SAMOA TIMOR SEA COMOROS NYASA ANGOLA Lima Moroni MALAWI Honiara ARAFURA SEA BRAZIL TIMOR LESTE PERU Funafuti SOLOMON Port Dili Luanda ISLANDS Moresby LAKE Dodoma TANGANYIKA TUVALU PAPUA Jakarta SEYCHELLES TANZANIA NEW GUINEA Kinshasa Victoria BURUNDI Bujumbura DEMOCRATIC KIRIBATI Brazzaville Kigali REPUBLIC LAKE OF THE CONGO SÃO TOMÉ Nairobi RWANDA GABON ECUADOR EQUATOR INDONESIA VICTORIA REP. OF AND PRINCIPE KIRIBATI EQUATOR THE Libreville São Tomé Quito NAURU SINGAPORE Mogadishu KENYA Kampala Tarawa CONGO EQUATORIAL GULF OF GUINEA MALAYSIA Singapore UGANDA GUINEA FRENCH GUIANA Kuala SOMALIA Malabo (FRANCE) COLOMBIA BRUNEI Lumpur Yaoundé CELEBES SEA Malé SURINAME Bandar Seri MALAYSIA Bangui CAMEROON TOGO Cayenne Bogotá Begawan Juba Monrovia GUYANA Majuro Colombo MALDIVES CENTRAL Lomé Yamoussoukro Paramaribo Palikir LACCADIVE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC Accra LIBERIA Ngerulmud SRI SEA Porto-Novo Georgetown VENEZUELA ETHIOPIA SUDAN CÔTE Freetown PANAMA GULF OF LANKA GHANA SIERRA MARSHALL THAILAND Addis Ababa Abuja D’IVOIRE Conakry COSTA PALAU LEONE TRINIDAD AND Caracas Panama San José ISLANDS FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA NIGERIA BENIN RICA ANDAMAN Djibouti TOBAGO GUINEA Port-of-Spain Phnom SEA Ouagadougou GUINEA BISSAU Managua GRENADA NETHERLANDS ANTILLES Penh DJIBOUTI N’Djamena (NETHERLANDS) GULF OF ADEN Bissau GAMBIA NICARAGUA EL SALVADOR CAMBODIA BURKINA BARBADOS ST. VINCENT AND El Salvador Hagåtña Bamako Banjul ST. LUCIA GRENADINES NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN Niamey FASO Guatemala City Bangkok MARTINIQUE (FRANCE) Tegucigalpa Sana’a CHAD SENEGAL Praia CARIBBEAN SEA PHILIPPINES Manila SOUTH CHINA SUDAN Dakar DOMINICA HONDURAS GUATEMALA Saipan MONTSERRAT YEMEN Asmara Khartoum GUADELOUPE (FRANCE) THAILAND BAY OF ARABIAN CAP E VERDE (U.K.) SEA BELIZE ERITREA ANTIGUA AND ST. KITTS Santo Naypyidaw BENGAL SEA NIGER MALI BARBUDA AND NEVIS PUERTO RICO Kingston Belmopan Nouakchott (U.S.) Domingo Port-au-Prince ANGUILLA (U.K.) GULF OF San Juan JAMAICA Vientiane RED SEA BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS HAITI TONKIN MAURITANIA (U.K.) DOMINICA N CAYMAN ISLANDS PHILIPPINE SEA LUZON LAOS OMAN REPUBLIC (U.K.) STRAIT Hanoi Mexico City MYANMAR TURKS AND CAICOS CUBA HAWAIIAN ISLANDS (U.S.) VIETNAM INDIA UNITED ISLANDS (U.K.) Havana Muscat ARAB Dhaka SAUDI ARABIA THE MEXICO TAIWAN GULF OF OMAN EMIRATES QATAR Riyadh WESTERN BAHAMAS SOME OF THE EARLIEST Taipei BANGLADESH SAHARA Abu Dhabi Doha Nassau Manama GULF OF MEXICO Laayoune BHUTAN Kathmandu BAHRAIN EGYPT LIBYA EGYPTIAN MAPS WERE SOUTH-UP Thimphu ALGERIA PERSIAN Kuwait EAST CHINA SEA NEPAL GULF New Delhi PAKISTAN City Cairo AND EARLY CHINESE MAPS WERE KUWAIT JORDAN Jerusalem MOROCCO IRAN Amman Tripoli IRAQ ISRAEL ORIENTED EAST-UP Islamabad BERMUDA (U.K.) AFGHANISTAN Damascus LEBANON TUNISIA Rabat CHINA Baghdad MEDITERRANEAN SEA Beirut CYPRUS Tokyo YELLOW SEA Kabul SYRIA Valletta SOUTH Tehran Nicosia Algiers ROUGHLY 90% OF THE WORLD’S JAPAN KOREA MALTA Tunis Seoul Dushanbe Ashgabat Athens TAJIKISTAN POPULATION LIVES NORTH OF SEA OF Pyongyang TURKEY Lisbon JAPAN TURKMENISTAN AZERBAIJAN GREECE SPAIN Washington, D.C. NORTH Beijing Yerevan Ankara PORTUGAL KOREA ALBANIA VATICAN UNITED STATES Tashkent Baku ARMENIA CITY Madrid THE EQUATOR MACEDONIA Tirana Rome NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN KYRGYZSTAN Skopje NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN CASPIAN Tbilisi Podgorica ANDORRA LAKE ERIE Bishkek UZBEKISTAN BULGARIA K OSOVO SEA GEORGIA MONTENEGRO ITALY LAKE Sofia Pristina MICHIGAN BLACK SEA Sarajevo SAN MARINO LAKE ONTARIO SERBIA BOSNIA & Bucharest HERZEGOVINA LAKE ARAL BAY OF Belgrade HURON SEA BISCAY SEA OF CROATIA SLOVENIA LAKE BALKHASH Ottawa MONGOLIA AZOV ROMANIA Zagreb Chișinău Ljubljana SWITZERLAND FRANCE HUNGARY Bern KAZAKHSTAN MOLDOVA Budapest AUSTRIA LAKE Ulaanbaatar Bratislava Vienna Paris SUPERIOR SLOVAKIA UKRAINE Luxembourg CZECH REPUBLIC Kiev LUXEMBOURG CELTIC SEA Prague BELGIUM Brussels London Astana GERMANY NETHERLANDS POLAND UNITED Warsaw Berlin Amsterdam IRELAND LAKE KINGDOM WINNIPEG BELARUS Dublin LAKE Minsk BAIKAL Vilnius SEA OF GULF OF ALASKA OKHOTSK LITHUANIA Copenhagen Moscow BALTIC SEA DENMARK CANADA LATVIA Riga NORTH SEA BERING SEA ESTONIA LABRADOR SEA Tallinn Stockholm Oslo HUDSON BAY LAKE FAROE LADOGA LAKE Helsinki GULF OF ISLANDS GREAT SLAVE NORWAY LAKE ONEGA BOTHNIA (DENMARK) Tórshavn FINLAND SWEDEN RUSSIA Reykjavík Nuuk DENMARK STRAIT (Godthåb) ICELAND WHITE SEA GREAT BEAR DAVIS LAKE STRAIT NORWEGIAN SEA CHUKCHI SEA BAFFIN ISLAND (CANADA) VICTORIA ISLAND (CANADA) BAFFIN BAY BEAUFORT SEA EAST SIBERIAN SEA BANKS ISLAND NOVAYA ZEMLYA (CANADA) (RUSSIA) LAPTEV SEA GREENLAND (DENMARK) KARA SEA GREENLAND SEA BARENTS SEA QUEEN ELIZABETH ISLANDS Longyearbyen (CANADA) SVALBARD (NORWAY) FRANZ JOSEF LAND (RUSSIA) ELLESMERE ISLAND (CANADA) ARCTIC OCEAN ARCTIC OCEAN ARCTIC OCEAN NORTH-ORIENTED MAPS HAVE BEEN COMMONLY USED SINCE THE 16TH CENTURY MORE THAN 67% OF ALL LAND IS IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SEE THE WORLD FROM A NEW PERSPECTIVE is map is just as accurate as the one we’re all used to — it’s amazing S what happens when you look at things a little dierently..