LUCKY LUKE AS THE AMERICAN COWBOY HERO AS REFLECTED IN JAMES HUTH’S LUCKY LUKE MOVIE A THESIS In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Sarjana Degree Majoring American Studies in English Department Faculty of Humanities Diponegoro University Submitted by: YULIANI TRISNANINGRUM NIM: A2B007126 FACULTY OF HUMANITIES DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2011 PRONOUNCEMENT The writer honestly confirms that she compiles this thesis by herself and without taking any result from other researchers in S-1, S-2, S-3 and in diploma degree of any university. The writer ascertains also that she does not quote any material from other publications or someone’s paper except from the references mentioned. Semarang, December 2011 Yuliani Trisnaningrum MOTTO AND DEDICATION Success is the good fortune that comes from aspiration, desperation, perspiration and inspiration. -Evan Esar- The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. -Eleanor Roosevelt- Let us think of education as the means of developing our greatest abilities, because in each of us there is a private hope and dream which, fulfilled, can be translated into benefit for everyone and greater strength of the nation. -John F. Kennedy- I would like to dedicate this paper to my beloved family who always gives me material and moral support, motivation, inspiration and also prayers. to everyone who helped me in completing this paper. And for my beloved alma mater. APPROVAL Approved by, Thesis Advisor Prof. Dr. Nurdien H.K., M.A. NIP. 19521103 198012 1 001 VALIDATION Approved by Strata 1 Thesis Examination Committee Faculty of Humanities Diponegoro University On December 29th 2011 Chair Person Eta Farmacelia Nurulhady, S.S., M.Hum., M.A. NIP. 19720529 200312 2 001 First Member Second Member Prof. Dr. Nurdien H.K., M.A. Arido Laksono, S.S., M.Hum. NIP. 19521103 198012 1 001 NIP. 19750711 199903 1 002 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, the writer would like to thank to the writer’s Almighty God, ALLAH SWT for giving health, power, spirit, and guidance to the writer in all the time of writing thesis until the completion of this thesis. The writer deep gratitude and appreciation also due to all those who have helped and contributed to the completion of this thesis entitled “Lucky Luke as The American Cowboy Hero as Reflected in James Huth’s Lucky Luke Movie”. The witer would like to express her sincere and deep gratitude to Prof. Dr. Nurdien H.K., M.A., as her Supervisor who has taken the time and given helpful correction to guide her in writing thesis, given suggestion and encouragement along the time the writer did her thesis. The writer’s deepest thank also goes to the following: 1. Dr. Agus Maladi Irianto, M.A., as Dean of the Faculty of Humanities Diponegoro University. 2. Dra. Ratna Asmarani, M.Ed., M.Hum., as Head of the English Department. 3. Sukarni Suryaningsih, S.S., M.Hum., as Head of the American Studies Section. 4. Dra. Christine Resnitriwati, M.Hum., as the lecturer. 5. The writer’s beloved parents who always give her love, attention, moral and spiritual support, motivation, and prayer. The writer really love them and will strive to make them always happy. “Ibu dan Bapak” are the greatest people for her. 6. The writer’s beloved brother and beloved sister, Kurniawan Adhe Nugroho and Ratriningtyas Anggarina Dewi, who always give her inspiration and motivation in doing thesis, give future guidance for her, and calm her down when she was having difficulties in writing thesis. 7. The writer’s beloved person, Berma Perkasa Rahmatullah, who has given attention and spirit for her, and would spend the time for her in giving ride and accompanying her to find the reference books in Jakarta, such as at Gunadarma University, Indonesia University, the National Library, the American embassy and flea market bookstores. 8. The writer’s bestfriends Vita, Zula, Wilda, Rosi and Yunita, who have filled her days and accompanied her during in college. The togethernes, kindness, supports, jokes, stories, and guidances are very memorable for her. To all her friends in the American Studies ’07 and her friends in the English Department ’07, who have spent the togetherness all this time. The writer realizes that this thesis is still far from perfect. Therefore, the writer will be glad to receive any constructive criticism and recommendation to make this thesis better. Finally, the writer expects that this thesis will be useful to the reader. Semarang, December 12th 2011 The Writer Yuliani Trisnaningrum TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE i PRONOUNCEMENT ii MOTTO AND DEDICATION iii APPROVAL iv VALIDATION v ACKNOWLEDGMENT vi TABLE OF CONTENTS viii ABSTRACT xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 I.1. Background of the Study 1 I.2. Scope of the Study 4 I.3. Purpose of the Study 4 I.4. Methods of the Study 4 I.5. Organization of the Study 7 CHAPTER II BIOGRAPHY OF THE SCRIPTWRITER 8 SYNOPSIS OF THE MOVIE 10 CHAPTER III LITERARY REVIEW 14 III.1. Exponential Aspects 14 III.1.1. Theme 14 III.1.2. Character 14 III.1.3. Setting 15 III.1.4. Conflict 16 III.2. Cinematographic Aspects 16 III.2.1. The Shots 17 III.2.2. The Angles 19 III.2.3. Sound 21 III.2.4. Mise-en-Scene 22 III.3. Extrinsict Aspects 23 III.3.1. Cowboy Hero as an Icon of American Hero 23 III.3.2. The Values of a Cowboy as a Hero 26 III.3.2.1. Courage 27 III.3.2.2. Optimism 27 III.3.2.3. Self-Reliance 27 III.3.2.4. Authenticity 28 III.3.2.5. Honor 28 III.3.2.6. Duty 28 III.3.2.7. Heart 28 CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION 30 VI.1.Intrinsict Aspects 30 VI.1.1. Theme in Lucky Luke movie 30 VI.1.2. Character in Lucky Luke movie 33 VI.1.2.1. Luke 33 VI.1.2.2. Pat Poker 37 VI.1.2.3. Billy the Kid 39 VI.1.2.4. Cooper 39 VI.1.3. Setting in Lucky Luke movie 41 VI.1.3.1. Setting of Place 41 VI.1.2.2. Setting of Time 43 VI.1.2.3. Setting of Social Environment 44 VI.1.4. Conflict in Lucky Luke movie 45 VI.2. Extrinsic Aspects 48 VI.2.1. Cowboy Hero as an Icon of American Hero 48 VI.2.2. The Values of a Cowboy as a Hero 51 VI.2.2.1. Courage 51 VI.2.2.2. Optimism 53 VI.2.2.3. Self-Reliance 54 VI.2.2.4. Authenticity 54 VI.2.2.5. Honor 56 VI.2.2.6. Duty 57 VI.2.2.7. Heart 58 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 60 BIBLIOGRAPHY 62 ABSTRAK Seseorang dapat disebut sebagai pahlawan apabila orang tersebut telah berjasa untuk masyarakat, bangsa, dan negaranya. Pahlawan mendapatkan tempat yang terhormat di mata masyarakat, sebab masyarakat dapat menilai secara objektif kontribusi apa saja yang diberikan pahlawan kepada masyarakat, bangsa dan negara. Pengorbanan dan perjuangan seorang pahlawan dapat memberikan kontribusi berupa nilai-nilai moral kepada masyarakat. Dalam skripsi ini, penulis tertarik untuk menganalisa seorang tokoh cowboy di Amerika yang dianggap sebagai pahlawan masyarakat Amerika. Untuk menganalisa hal ini, penulis menggunakan pendekatan eksponensial dan antropologi. Dalam film Lucky Luke menggambarkan dengan jelas seorang cowboy yang memiliki peranan penting sebagai seorang sherif di kotanya. Perjuangan dan usahanya dalam menjalankan tugasnya menjadi seorang sherif membawanya menjadi sosok pahlawan yang dikagumi. Karakter seorang pahlawan memberikan nilai-nilai moral yang baik kepada masyarakat. Sehingga, pesan- pesan atau nilai moral dari seorang tokoh pahlawan biasanya dapat disampaikan melalui cerita rakyat, dongeng, maupun legenda. Karena cerita rakyat, dongeng maupun legenda merupakan cara yang mudah dalam menyampaikan nilai-nilai moral dan budaya dari kehidupan seorang tokoh pahlawan. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION I. 1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY According to Stephen Prince in Movies and Meaning; An Introduction to Film. Movies are a business as well as art, and the industry’s business structure greatly affects the kind of films that it makes. Furthemore, in both an artistic and an economic context, the cinema is a global phenomenon. Movies are seen by millions of people throughout the world, and filmmakers have an enormous opportunity to communicate cross-culturally to viewers in different countries and diverse social comunities (2004:300). Based on the quotation above, this statement means that movies can be a global market in film industry because of the movie distribution around the world. It can be measured by how many people stimulated in consuming films production and making films as an entertainment toward people’s life style. Prince’s quotation also shows that movies are seen as a medium of visual representation which illustrates many cultures, customs, traditions, and lifestyles. They are as a reference potential object in the creative industry of film making shared to the viewers around the world. Viewers will be interested in a good artistic movie, a high quality movie, and a good movie making in accordance with professional standard, so that a movie will give a positive image internationally toward an object taken up in the movie. The impact of public consumption in film will give beneficial impact to filmmakers, film industries, film distributors, and all related in film productions economically. Thus, movie is as one of easy media in providing images which is contained by moral and cultural values to the society. Larry Schweikart and Bradley J. Birzer in The American West states that “If movies are quintessentially American, then the “western” film is the quintessential American movie. Although traditionally thought of as occuring in a “frontier” setting,...” (2003:509).