Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Chemicals for Insect Bites / Stings Chemical Activity Count (+)-ALLOMATRINE 1 (+)-ALPHA-VINIFERIN 2 (+)-CATECHIN 3 (+)-EUDESMA-4(14),7(11)-DIENE-3-ONE 1 (+)-GALLOCATECHIN 1 (+)-HERNANDEZINE 1 (+)-ISOCORYDINE 2 (+)-PSEUDOEPHEDRINE 1 (-)-16,17-DIHYDROXY-16BETA-KAURAN-19-OIC 1 (-)-ALPHA-BISABOLOL 2 (-)-ARGEMONINE 1 (-)-BETONICINE 1 (-)-BORNYL-CAFFEATE 1 (-)-BORNYL-FERULATE 1 (-)-BORNYL-P-COUMARATE 1 (-)-DICENTRINE 1 (-)-EPIAFZELECHIN 1 (-)-EPICATECHIN 1 (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN-GALLATE 2 (1'S)-1'-ACETOXYCHAVICOL-ACETATE 1 (15:1)-CARDANOL 1 (3'R,4'R)-3'-EPOXYANGELOYLOXY-4'-ACETOXY-3',4'-DIHYDROSESELIN 1 (E)-4-(3',4'-DIMETHOXYPHENYL)-BUT-3-EN-OL 1 1,7-BIS-(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)-1,4,6-HEPTATRIEN-3-ONE 1 1,8-CINEOLE 4 10-ACETOXY-8-HYDROXY-9-ISOBUTYLOXY-6-METHOXYTHYMOL 1 10-DEHYDROGINGERDIONE 1 Chemical Activity Count 10-GINGERDIONE 1 11-HYDROXY-DELTA-8-THC 1 11-HYDROXY-DELTA-9-THC 1 12,118-BINARINGIN 1 12-ACETYLDEHYDROLUCICULINE 1 13',II8-BIAPIGENIN 1 13-OXYINGENOL-ESTER 1 16,17-DIHYDROXY-16BETA-KAURAN-19-OIC 1 16-EPIMETHUENINE 1 16-HYDROXYINGENOL-ESTER 1 2'-HYDROXY-FLAVONE 1 2'-O-GLYCOSYLVITEXIN 1 2-BETA,3BETA-27-TRIHYDROXYOLEAN-12-ENE-23,28-DICARBOXYLIC-ACID 1 20-DEOXYINGENOL-ESTER 1 22BETA-ESCIN 1 24-METHYLENE-CYCLOARTANOL 2 3,3',4,5'-TETRAHYDROXYSTILBENE 1 3,4-METHYLENE-DIOXYCINNAMIC-ACID-BORNYL-ESTER 2 3,4-SECOTRITERPENE-ACID-20-EPI-KOETJAPIC-ACID 1 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-HEPTEMETHOXYFLAVONE 2 3-ACETYLACONITINE 3 3-BETA-ACETOXY-20,25-EPOXYDAMMARANE-24-OL 1 3-BETA-HYDROXY-2,3-DIHYDROWITHANOLIDE-F 1 3-HYDROXY-FLAVONE 2 3-N-BUTYL-PHTHALIDE 1 3-O-ACETYLOLEANOLIC-ACID 1 3-OXO-11-ALPHA-HYDROXYOLEAN-12-ENE-30-OIC-ACID 1 2 Chemical Activity Count 3-OXO-11-ALPHA-METHOXYOLEAN-12-ENE-30-OIC-ACID 1 3-OXO-OLEAN-9(11),12-DIENE-30-OIC-ACID 1 4'-HYDROXY-FLAVONE 1 4-VINYL-GUAIACOL 1 5,6-DEHYDROKAWAIN 1 5,7-DIHYDROXY-FLAVONE 1 5,7-DIMETHOXYFLAVONE 1 5-BETA-HYDROXYECDYSTERONE 1 5-DEOXYINGENOL-ESTER 1 5-HYDROXY-FLAVONE 1 6,7-DIMETHOXYCOUMARIN 1 6,7-DIMETHYLAESCULETIN 2 6,7-DIMETHYLESCULETIN 2 6-DEHYDROGINGERDIONE 1 6-DEOXYJACAREUBIN 1 6-GINGERDIONE 1 6-GINGEROL 3 6-HYDROXY-FLAVONE 1 6-HYDROXY-FLAVONE-GLUCOSIDE 1 6-O-(2''-ACETYL-3'',4''-O-DI-P-METHOXYCINNAMOYL-ALPHA-L-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL)-CATALPOL 1 6-O-(4''-ACETYL-2'',3''-O-DI-P-METHOXYCINNAMOYL-ALPHA-L-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL)-CATALPOL 1 6-SHOGAOL 3 7,8-DIHYDROXYFLAVONE 1 7-HYDROXY-FLAVONE 1 7-HYDROXY-FLAVONE-GLUCOSIDE 1 7-METHOXYCOUMARIN 1 8-ACETYLHARPAGIDE 1 3 Chemical Activity Count 8-GINGEROL 1 8-O-CINNAMOYLHARPAGIDE 2 8-SHOGAOL 1 ABRIN 1 ABRINE 1 ACACETIN 2 ACANTHOIC-ACID 1 ACETYL-11-KETO-BETA-BOSWELLIC-ACID 1 ACETYL-BETA-BOSWELLIC-ACID 1 ACETYLALEURITOLIC-ACID 1 ACETYLDELGRANDINE 1 ACETYLSALICYLIC-ACID 2 ACETYLSHIKONIN 2 ACONINE 2 ACONITINE 4 ACTEOSIDE 1 ACTINIDOLES 1 ADENOSINE 1 AESCIN 2 AESCULETIN 2 AESCULIN 4 AFFINISINE 1 AGARIC-ACID 1 AIPHANOL 1 AJOENE 4 AKUAMMIDINE 1 AKUAMMINE 1 4 Chemical Activity Count ALANTOLACTONE 1 ALKANNIN 2 ALLANTOIN 1 ALLICIN 2 ALLITHIAMIN 1 ALLOCRYPTOPINE 1 ALOCUTIN-A 1 ALPHA-AMYRIN 3 ALPHA-AMYRIN-ACETATE 2 ALPHA-AMYRIN-PALMITATE 1 ALPHA-BISABOLOL 2 ALPHA-BOSWELLIC-ACID 3 ALPHA-CURCUMENE 1 ALPHA-LINOLENIC-ACID 1 ALPHA-PEROXYACHIFOLIDE 1 ALPHA-PINENE 1 ALPHA-SPINASTEROL 1 ALPHA-TERPINEOL 1 AMARALIN 1 AMBELLINE 1 AMENTOFLAVONE 2 AMINOPHYLLINE 1 AMURENSINE 1 AMURINE 1 AMYGDALIN 1 ANANDAMIDE 1 ANDROGRAPHOLIDE 1 5 Chemical Activity Count ANETHOLE 1 ANISATIN 1 ANISODAMINE 1 ANISODINE 1 ANNOMONTINE 2 ANTHOCYANINS 2 ANTHOCYANOSIDE 1 ANTHRANILIC-ACID 1 ANTIRRHINOSIDE 1 APIGENIN 6 APIGENIN-7-GLYCOSIDE 1 APIGENIN-7-O-GLUCOSIDE 1 APIGENIN-DIMETHYL-ETHER 1 APOCYNIN 1 APODINE 1 AR-TURMERONE 2 ARACHIDONIC-ACID 1 ARBORINE 1 ARBORININE 2 ARDISIAQUINONE 1 ARGEMONINE 1 ARISTOLOCHIC-ACID 1 ARMILLARIEN-A 1 ARNICOLIDE 1 ARNICOLIDE-C 1 ARTABSIN 1 ARTECANIN 1 6 Chemical Activity Count ARTEMETIN 1 ARVENOSIDE-A 1 ASCARIDOLE 1 ASCORBIC-ACID 4 ASIATICOSIDE 1 ASPERULOSIDE 1 ASPIRIN 2 ASPIRIN (ACETYLSALICYLIC-ACID; NOT NATURAL) 2 ASTRAMEMBRANIN-I 1 ASTRINGENIN 1 ATRACTYLENOLIDE 1 ATRACTYLENOLIDE-I 2 ATRACTYLENOLIDE-II 2 ATRACTYLENOLIDE-III 2 ATRACTYLOCHROMENE 2 ATRACTYLON 1 ATROPINE 2 AUCUBIN 1 AVENANTHRAMIDE-A 2 AVENANTHRAMIDE-B 2 AVENANTHRAMIDE-C 2 AVENANTHRAMIDE-D 2 AVENANTHRAMIDE-E 2 AVENANTHRAMIDES 2 AXILLARIN 1 AZULENE 3 BACOSINE 2 7 Chemical Activity Count BAICALEIN 7 BAICALEIN-5,6,7-TRIHYDROXY-FLAVONE 2 BAICALIN 3 BAOHUOSIDE-1 1 BARBALOIN 1 BARBATOSIDE-A 2 BARBATOSIDE-B 2 BARTSIOSIDE 1 BASSIC-ACID 1 BAVACHININ 1 BAYACHININE 2 BEIWUTINE 1 BENZALDEHYDE 1 BENZAMIDE 1 BENZOIC-ACID 1 BENZOIN 1 BENZOXAZINOIDS 2 BENZOYLACONINE 2 BENZYL-ALCOHOL 1 BERBAMINE 3 BERBERASTINE 6 BERBERINE 7 BERBERINE-SULFATE 1 BERGAPTEN 2 BERGENIN 1 BETA-AESCIN 1 BETA-AMYRIN 3 8 Chemical Activity Count BETA-AMYRIN-ACETATE 2 BETA-BOSWELLIC-ACID 2 BETA-CAROTENE 1 BETA-DAMASCENONE 1 BETA-ECDYSTERONE 1 BETA-ESCIN 1 BETA-HIMACHALINE 1 BETA-PINENE 1 BETA-SANTALENE 1 BETA-SITOSTEROL 1 BETA-SITOSTEROL-3-O-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE 1 BETA-TURMERONE 2 BETONICINE 1 BETULIN 1 BETULINIC-ACID 2 BIOTIN 1 BIS-(4-HYDROXY-CINNAMOYL)-METHANE 1 BIS-DESMETHOXYCURCUMIN 1 BISABOLOXIDE 1 BOCCONINE 1 BOEHMEROL-ACETATE 1 BOLDINE 1 BORJATRIOL 1 BORNEOL 2 BORRECAPINE 1 BORRELINE 1 BOSWELLIC-ACID 5 9 Chemical Activity Count BOWDICHIONE 1 BRADYKININASE 2 BRAZILIN 1 BROMELAIN 2 BROUSSOAURONE-A 1 BROUSSOCHALCONE-A 2 BROUSSOFLAVONOL-F 1 BRYONOLIC-ACID 2 BUDMUNCHIAMINES 1 BULLEYACONITINE-A 2 BUPLEURIN 2 BUTEIN 1 BUTYLIDENE-PHTHALIDE 2 BYAKANGELICIN 1 CAFESTOL 1 CAFFEIC-ACID 4 CAFFEINE 1 CAFFEOYLMARIC-ACID 2 CAFFEOYLTARTARIC-ACID 2 CALCIUM 1 CALCIUM-CITRATE 1 CALOPHYLLIN-B 1 CALOPHYLLOLIDE 1 CALYCANTHINE 1 CAMPHOR 2 CANNABICHROMENE 1 CANNABIDIOL 2 10 Chemical Activity Count CANNABIGEROL 1 CANNABINOL 1 CANNFLAVIN 1 CANNIPRENE 1 CAPSAICIN 5 CARANINE 1 CARBENOXOLONE 1 CARBOXYATRACTYLOSIDE 1 CARDOL 1 CARNOSINE 1 CARNOSOL 2 CARVACROL 3 CARYOPHYLLENE 3 CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE 1 CASSAIDINE 2 CASSAINE 1 CASSAMINE 2 CATECHIN 4 CATHINE 1 CATHINONE 2 CEPAENE 1 CEPHARAMINE 2 CEPHARANOLINE 2 CEPHARANTHINE 5 CHAKSINE 1 CHAMAZULENE 3 CHAMILLIN 1 11 Chemical Activity Count CHELERYTHRINE 2 CHELIDONINE 1 CHIKUSETSUSAPONIN 1 CHIKUSETSUSAPONIN-V 1 CHLOROGENIC-ACID 3 CHLOROGENIN 1 CHOLINE 1 CHOLINE-SALICYLATE 1 CHRYSANTHEMOL 1 CHRYSIN 1 CHRYSIN-5,7-DIHYDROXYFLAVONE 2 CHRYSOSPLENIN 1 CHRYSOSPLENOL 1 CHYMOTRYPSIN 1 CINCHOPHYLLAMINE 2 CINCHOPHYLLINE 1 CINNAMALDEHYDE 4 CINNAMIC-ACID 2 CINNAMIC-ACID-BORNYL-ESTER 2 CINNCASSIOL 1 CIRSILINEOL 2 CIRSIMARITIN 2 CIS-COMMUNIC-ACID 2 CIS-METHYLSULPHINOTHIOIC-ACID-S-1-PROPENYLESTER 2 CIS-N-PROPYLSULPHINOTHIOIC-ACID-S-1-PROPENYLESTER 2 CIS-SPIROETHER 1 CITRAL 3 12 Chemical Activity Count CIWUJIANOSIDE-C-1 1 CIWUJIANOSIDE-D-1 1 CLITORIACETAL 1 CNICIN 1 CNIDILIDE 1 COCAINE 1 CODEINE 2 COIXENOLIDE 1 COIXOL 2 COLCHICINE 2 COLCHICOSIDE 1 COLOSIDE-A 1 CONDURANGIN 1 CONESSINE 1 CONIFERYL-ALDEHYDE 1 CONJUGATED-LINOLEIC-ACID 1 COPPER 2 COPPER-SALICYLATE 2 COPTISINE 1 CORILAGIN 2 CORNINE 1 CORONARIDINE 1 CORYBULBINE 1 CORYDALINE 1 CORYNANTHINE 1 COUMARIN 3 COUMINGINE 2 13 Chemical Activity Count CREOSOTE 1 CROTALOBURINE 2 CRYOGENINE 1 CRYPTOAESCIN 1 CRYPTOLEPINE 1 CUCURBITACIN-B 1 CULARINE 1 CUPARENE 1 CURCUMIN 3 CURCUMINOIDS 1 CYANIDIN-3-O-GLUCOSIDE 2 CYCLEANINE 2 CYCLOARTENOL 1 CYCLOBUXINE-D 1 CYCLOSADOL 1 CYTISINE 1 D-NORPSEUDOEPHEDRINE 1 DAIDZEIN 1 DAIJISON 1 DAMASCEINE 1 DAPHNETIN 1 DAURICINE 3 DEBENZOYLPAEONIFLORIN 1 DEHYDROCURDIONE 2 DEHYDROCYCLOGUANANDIN 1 DELAVACONITINE 1 DELTA-3-CARENE 1 14 Chemical Activity Count DELTA-8-THC 1 DELTA-9-THC 1 DEMETHOXYCURCUMIN 1 DEMETHYLTETRANDRINE 1 DENDROBINE 1 DESMETHOXYANGONIN 2 DESMODIN 1 DIANOSIDE 1 DIANOSIDE-A 1 DIAZEPAM 1 DICENTRINE 1 DIHYDROCANTHINE 1 DIHYDROHELENALIN 2 DIHYDROHELENALIN-ESTERS 1 DIHYDROKAWAIN 4 DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN 4 DIHYDROXYCINNAMIC-ACID 1 DIMETHYLAMINE-SALICYLATE 1 DIOSCINE 1 DIOSCORINE 1 DIOSGENIN 1 DIOSMIN 3 DIRCA-PHENOLIC-GLUCOSIDE-5 1 DITETRAHYDROPALMATINE 1 DL-TETRAHYDROPALMATINE 1 DREGAMINE 1 ECDYSTERONE 1 15 Chemical Activity Count ECGONINE 1 EDPETILINE 1 EICOSAPENTAENOIC-ACID 3 ELAEOCARPIDINE 1 ELAEOCARPINE 2 ELAIDIC-ACID 1 ELEMICIN 1 ELLAGIC-ACID 2 ELLAGITANNIN 1 EMETINE 1 EMODIN 2 EN-YN-DICYCLOETHER 1 ENT-16A-,17-DIHYDROXY-KAURAN-19-OIC-ACID 1 EPHEDRINE 4 EPHEDRINE-HYDROCHLORIDE 1 EPHEDROXANE 1 EPI-PROCURCUMENOL 1 EPICATECHIN 1 EPINEPHRINE 1 ERIODICTYOL 1 ERYTHROPHLAMINE 2 ERYTHROPHLEINE 1 ESCIN 2 ESCULETIN 2 ESCULIN 4 ESTRAGOL 1 ETHANOL 1 16 Chemical Activity Count ETHYL-SALICYLATE 1 ETHYLENE 1 EUCALYPTOL 1 EUGENOL 4 EUGENYL-ACETATE 1 EUGLOBAL 1 EUPAFORMOSANIN 1 EUPAHYSSOPIN 1 EUPATOLIDE 1 EUXANTHONE 1 EVODIAMINE 3 EVODOL 2 FAGARAMIDE 1 FALCARINDIOL 1 FALCARINOL 1 FANGCHINOLINE 1 FARADIOL 1 FARADIOL-MONOESTER 1 FENUGREEKINE 1 FERULIC-ACID 3 FERULOYL-4-HYDROXYCINNAMOYL-METHANE 1 FETIDINE 1 FICIN 1 FINACONITINE 1 FISETIN 2 FLAVOKAWAIN-B 2 FLAVONE 3 17 Chemical Activity Count FORMALDEHYDE 1 FORMIC-ACID 1 FORSKOLIN 2 FRAXIN 1 FRIEDELAN-3-BETA-OL 1 FRIEDELIN 1 FRITILLARINE 1 FUMARIC-ACID 1 FUMARILINE 1 FUMOFICINALNE 1 GALANGIN 2 GALANGIN-3,5,7-TRIHYDROXYFLAVONE 1 GALANTHAMINE 1 GALLIC-ACID 4 GALLOCATECHIN-(4ALPHA->8)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN 1 GALLOCATECHIN-(4ALPHA->8)-GALLOCATECHIN 1 GALLOCATECHIN-(4ALPHA->8)-GALLOCATECHIN-(4ALPHA->8)-GALLOCATECHIN 1 GALLOCATECHIN-GALLATE 1 GAMMA-BOSWELLIC-ACID 2 GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL 2 GAULTHERIN 1 GELSEMINE 1 GENISTEIN 1 GENTIANAINE 1 GENTIANAMINE 1 GENTIANIDINE 1 GENTIANINE 3 18 Chemical Activity Count GENTIOPICROSIDE 1 GENTISIC-ACID 2 GERMACRONE 2 GINGEROL 5 GINKGETIN 2 GINKGOLIDE 2 GINKGOLIDE-B 1 GINKGOLIDES 2 GINSENOSIDE-R-O 1 GINSENOSIDE-RE 1 GIPARMEN 1 GITOGENIN 1 GLABRIDIN 2 GLAUCINE 1 GLAUCOLIDE-B 1 GLUCOSAMINE-SULFATE