Veins and Lymphatics 2019; volume 8:7839 Venous and glymphatic house of Sal Sclafani, M.D. (one of the past drainage of the brain: Presidents of the Society). At that meeting it Correspondence: Ewart Mark Haacke, Wayne was decided to go ahead and form a 501(c)3 State University, School of Medicine, Brief history of the Non-Profit Society which was then centered Department of Radiology, 4201 St. Antoine, International Society for in Detroit, Michigan for the first 3 years. Detroit 48201, MI, USA. Neurovascular Disease Subsequently the office moved to Buffalo Tel.: +1.313.745.1395 - Fax: +1.313.745.9182. for the next 3 years with Robert Zivadinov, E-mail: [email protected] M.D., Ph.D. (also one of the past Presidents 1-4 5 Key words: Chronic cerebrospinal venous Ewart Mark Haacke, Meiyun Wang, of the Society) and then to Shreveport for Xiaoyue Ma,5 David Utriainen2,3 insufficiency; glymphatic system; neurovas- two years with Steve Alexander (also one of cular disease; cerebrospinal fluid; cerebral 1 Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, the past Presidents of the Society) and then drainage. USA; 2The Magnetic Resonance Imaging back to Detroit in 2017 with Mark Haacke Institute for Biomedical Research, Ph.D. (the current past president). Contributions:e author contributed to writing Detroit, MI, USA; 3Magnetic Resonance the paper. Innovations, Inc., Detroit, MI, USA; Received for publication: 19 September 2018. 4Spintech, Inc., Detroit, MI, USA; Accepted for publication: 24 September 2018 5Henan Provincial Peoples’ Hospital, Highlights of the past eight meetings Zhenzhou, Henan Province, China Bologna, Italy 2011; President and This work is licensed under a Creative Annual Meeting Chair Paolo Commons Attribution 4.0 License (by-nc 4.0). Zamboni ©Copyright E.M. Haacke et al., 2019 The ability to understand the vascular Licensee PAGEPress, Italy Abstract system has the potential to lead to new treat- Veins and Lymphatics 2019; 8:7839 ments. Dr. Berislav Zlokovic had the insight doi:10.4081/vl.2019.7839 The International Society of to focus on the fundamental aspects of vas- Neurovascular Diseases is an International, only cular pathology including: the role of: Interdisciplinary Scientific Organization to neural injury and neurorestorative thera- reduced perfusion, hypoxia, tissue damage (ISNVD: www.isnvd.org) devoted to the pies. His work focused on using drugs such and endothelial damage.6-8 He suggested that study of intracranial and extracranial vascu- as Niaspin (niacin or vitamin B3) and silde- neurodegeneration occurs secondary to vas- lature. Different from other scientific soci- nafil (Viagra) to help generate the formation cular damage and that novel pharmaceuticalsuse eties, ISNVD is interested also in the inves- of new micro-vessels to regenerate brain might be designed to target inflammation tigation of the cerebral drainage, including tissue.20-22 and endothelial pathology. Today trials are the venous and glymphatic systems. A highlight of this workshop was the underway using activated protein C, which is Moreover, ISNVD promotes studies on: focus on providing a Consensus on Imaging a blood protease with its anti-coagulant func- stroke, carotid surgery, neurovascular & Treatment Protocols. Ultrasound, tions turned off so that it is a multiple cell aspects of neurodegeneration, models of Magnetic Resonance Imaing (MRI) and signaling neuroprotective agent, 3K3A- circulation, vasoactive peptides, and basic 9 balloon angioplasty groups met separately APC, reducing the risk of hemorrhage. This science. This review summarizes the contri- is being studied in stroke today and Zlokovic to discuss the state-of-the-art technology in bution of the society to the fields above, as is an active participant in this work. each area with an eye toward creating a well as the history of the annual meetings This was followed by Dr. Costantino white paper. The outcome of this effort was and the major impact papers promoted by Iadecola who discussed the role of iron as a a paper published in 2014 in JVIR, 2014, ISNVD. 23 potential inflammatory agent, the role of 25, 1785. oxidative stress and endothelial damage.10-12 The Gold Medal was given to Franz He further suggested there might be a rela- Schelling for his pioneering contributions to tionship with poor vascular conditions and understanding the role of the venous vascu- Introduction that these could lead to the production of lature in MS. Dr. Schelling then gave an Non-commercial13,14 overview of some of the history and where The foundation of the ISNVD had its beta amyloid plaque. Today, along with he thought we still needed to forge ahead to history in the first meeting held on chronic the glymphatic system to be discussed later, clearly addresses the role of abnormal venous hypertension by Dr. Paolo Zamboni this is now a very promising direction of venous vasculature in MS. in Bologna, Italy in 2009. His pioneering research. work on iron and vascular effects in multi- Dr. Robert Zivadinov followed with ple sclerosis (MS) opened the door to a examples from imaging demonstrating Krakow, Poland, 2013; President more intensive international effort to study reversible cerebrospinal fluid stagnation and Annual Meeting Chair Marian the vascular sources of neurodegenerative and increased iron content in MS patients, Simka disease.1,2 The story really began with his and also suggesting that these increases At this meeting the venue of presenta- may correlate with the severity of the dis- tions continued to expand and covered a seminal paper on iron: The big idea: iron- 15-19 dependent inflammation in venous disease ease (Figure 1). number of new concepts including the work and proposed parallels in multiple sclero- of Jaap Valk from Amsterdam.24 He present- sis.3 After the Bologna meeting, it became Orlando, Florida, USA 2012; ed the results of a prospective study on clear that there was not a major focus on President Robert Zivadinov, Annual patients with chronic intractable headache venous effects in neurodegenerative disease Meeting Chair Mark Haacke and other concurrent symptoms such as ver- and even the role of the arterial system was The keynote speech was given by tigo, dizziness, tinnitus and visual distur- under-represented.4,5 This spurred a group Michael Chopp, Ph.D., from Henry Ford bances. The patients were examined by the of leading scientists to meet in 2010 at the Hospital. He discussed vascular responses use of magnetic resonance venography. [Veins and Lymphatics 2019; 8:7839] [page 3] Review Often the patients were found to have year that continues to be an important topic cerebrospinal fluid systems as a whole, intracranial abnormalities such as persistent today. The session on Vascular Function, Prof. Jiani Hu spoke on The interaction occipital sinus with loop formation or Glymphatic System and New Drug between the vascular and glymphatic sys- thrombosis of the intracranial sinuses. He Development was led by the the next tems.43 Prof. Eleuterio F. Toro delivered a concluded that venous intracranial patholo- President, Dr. Steve Alexander.36-38 He talk titled Modeling flow in the head and gy is prevalent in patients presenting with spoke on Alterations in Hemodynamic Flow neck.44 He had reviewed the work of neurological symptoms and that MRI would Patterns and Endothelial Dysfunction in Warnert et al. and assessed Warnert’s play a key role in diagnosing these patients. Neurodegeneration. hypothesis by using a state-of-the-art global The Gold Medal was given to Mark mathematical model for human circula- San Francisco, California, USA Haacke for his pioneering efforts in devel- tion.45,46 He found that congenital anatomi- 2014; President and Annual Meeting oping MR vascular imaging methodologies cal variants (VHA and iCoW) do not exhibit Chair Mike Dake such as magnetic resonance angiography, alterations in cerebral blood flow. Dr. Jie Li, susceptibility weighted imaging, and representing the team of Satish Reflecting the expanding interest and MICRO imaging. He continues to push the Krishnamurthy, presented a talk on Delayed collaborations within the society, a special use of MRI to study the vascular system in macromolecular transport at the neurovas- focus on traumatic brain injury (TBI) was all neuro-degenerative diseases with a spe- cular unit in hydrocephalus. His studies the theme of the 2014 meeting. Dr. Diaz- cial focus on MS, Parkinson’s disease have shown that excess macromolecules in Arrastia discussed treatment of patients (PD), stroke, TBI and vascular dementia.39 the ventricles are sufficient to cause hydro- with TBI.25-28 He presented several different cephalus. He said these macromolecules are treatment options including: sildenafil, ery- transported in both normal and hydro- thropoietin, statins, G-CSF, VEGF, pioglita- Taormina, Sicily, Italy, 2017; cephalic states from the ventricles via the zone, exercise, enriched endothelia progen- President Steve Alexander, Annual perivascular pathways (glymphatic path- itor cells, from cord blood or bone marrow, Meeting Chair Pierfrancesco Veroux ways) and eliminated into the vascular sys- and low level laser light therapy. His find- Harking back to the foundations of the tem (serum). Imaging has shown that the ings in humans were similar to the keynote society, Byung-Boong Lee presented the iron dextran used in their experiments finds lecture in 2012 by Dr. Michael Chopp. keynote lecture: Defective Development of its wayonly into the venous system and is then Vena Cava: Embryological interpretation of 47 Hemodynamic Consequences.40,41 He also drained out of the brain. Naples, Italy, 2015; President Ziv The Gold Medal was given to Robert Haskal, Annual Meeting Chair presented Obstructive truncular venous malformations, which was an excellent Zivadinov for his pioneering efforts in Marcello Mancini overview of how venous malformationsuseapplying MRI methods to study MS. He Research into new therapeutic could contribute to blood flow disturbances continues to evaluate MS using a variety of approaches for human neuro-degenerative new methods in an attempt to understand in general with a focus on CNS participa- 48,49 disorders is part of the effort by Dr.