97 Bibliography Primary Sources Afro-American blues and Game songs. Library of Congress, Recording Laboratory, compact disk 1513. Afro-American spirituals, work songs, and ballads. Library of Congress, Recording Laboratory, sound disc AFS L3. Allen, William Francis, Charles Pickard Ware, and Lucy McKim Garrison. Slave Songs of the United States. New York: A. Simpson & Co., 1867. “American Rhetoric.” n.d. http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/johnfkennedycivilrights.htm (27 March 2005). The American slave: a composite autobiography. Edited by George P. Rawick. 17 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood Pub. Co., 1972. Botkin, B.A. ed., Lay my burden down: a folk history of slavery. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1989. Brown, Sterling. The collected poems of Sterling A. Brown. New York: Harper and Row, 1980. Guy and Candie Carawan Collection (1959-1965), Southern Folklife Collection, University of North Carolina. Carawan, Guy. Sing for Freedom: the story of the Civil Rights Movement through its songs. Bethlehem, PA: Sing Out Corporation, 1990. Carawan, Guy. We shall overcome! Songs of the Southern freedom movement. Oak Publications: New York, 1963. The Crisis (1910-), New York, NY. Daily Worker (1924-1957). New York, NY. Dylan, Bob, The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan [sound recording], Columbia Records, 1963. Dylan, Bob, Highway 61 Revisited [sound recording], Columbia Records, 1CH90321. The Echo. [newspaper] Huntsville, TX (1928-1968). Franklin, H. Bruce, ed. Prison writing in 20th century America. New York: Penguin Books, 1998. Freedom: a concert in celebration of the 75th anniversary of the thirteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Golden Gate Quartet. Bridge compact disk 9114. Cap’n You’re So Mean [sound recording]. Lawrence Gellert. Rounder Records. Gellert, Lawrence, ed. "Me and my captain" (chain gangs) Negro songs of protest. arr. Lan Adomian, New York: Hours Press, 1935. Lawrence Gellert Papers (1927-1978), Lilly Library, Indiana University. Gellert, Lawrence. [United States, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Afro-Americans, 1920-1940] [sound recording]. Archives of Traditional Music, Indiana University. Greenberg, Kenneth S. Nat Turner : a slave rebellion in history and memory. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Higginson, Col. Thomas Wentworth. Army Life in a Black Regiment, and other writings. New York: Penguin Books, 1997. Jackson, Bruce, ed. Wake up dead man : Afro-American worksongs from Texas prisons. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972. Jackson, Esther Cooper, ed. Freedomways reader: Prophets in their own country. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2000. Jackson, George. Soledad brother: the prison letters of George Jackson. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 1994. King Jr., Martin Luther. The Autobiography of Martin Luther King. Edited by Clayborne Carson. New York: Warner Books, 1998. The Papers of Martin Luther King Jr., Vol. 3. Edited by Clayborne Carson, Stewart Burns, Susan Carson, Dana Powell, and Peter Holloran. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997. Ledbetter, Huddie. The Leadbelly Songbook. Edited by Moses Asch and Alan Lomax, New York: Oak Publications, 1962. Let it shine on me. Leadbelly. Rounder Records. Lomax, Alan and Lomax, John. The John and Ruby Lomax 1939 Southern States Recording Trip. Library of Congress. n.d. <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/lohtml/lohome.html> (7 September 1999). Library of Congress. Seventy Five Years of Freedom [concert program]. Dec. 18, 1940. Lomax, Alan, and Raoul Abdul, ed. 3000 Years of Black Poetry. New York: Dodd, Mead, & Company, 1970. Muddy Waters Anthology: 1947-1972. Muddy Waters. Chess, 2 compact discs. B00005NHLY. Negro Liberator (1934-1935). New York, NY. Negro work songs and calls. Rounder Select. Negro songs of protest [sound recording]. Lawrence Gellert. American Music League. New Masses (1926-1948). Chattanooga, TN. Newton, Huey P. To die for the people. Random House: New York, 1972. Odum, Howard W., “Folk Song and Folk Poetry as Found in the Secular Songs of the Southern Negroes,” The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 24, No. 94 (Oct.-Dec., 1911): 255-294. Odum, Howard W., “Folk Song and Folk Poetry as Found in the Secular Songs of the Southern Negroes (Concluded),” The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 24, No. 94 (Oct.-Dec., 1911): 378-393. Poems from prison. Edited by Etheridge Knight. Detroit, Broadside Press, 1968. Powell, J. C. The American Siberia; or, Fourteen years' experience in a Southern convict camp. Montclair, NJ: Patterson Smith, 1970. Prison Songs (Historical Recordings From Parchman Farm 1947-48). Rounder Select, 2 compact discs. 1714-1715. A Prisoner. “The Prisoner Speaks.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 157 (1931): 137-149. Randolph, A. Philip. Victory’s victims?: the Negro’s future. New York: Socialist Party, 1943. Robert Johnson: The Complete Recordings. Robert Johnson. Sony, 2 compact discs. 46222. Sackheim, Eric ed. The blues line: blues lyrics from Leadbelly to Muddy Waters. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2004. Seale, Bobby. Seize the Time: The Story of the Black Panther Party. London: Arrow Books, 1970. Son House: 1928-1930. Son House. Document, compact disc. 5002. Simmons, Lee. Assignment Huntsville, memoirs of a Texas prison official. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1957. Smith, Bessie. Bessie Smith: The Complete Recordings. Sony, 10 compact discs. 47470-47474. Southern Journey. 6 vols. Rounder Records 1701-1706. Southern Worker (1930-1937). Birmingham, AL. Texas State Convict Records. That's why we're marching. Woody Guthrie. Smithsonian/Folkways compact disc SF CD 40021. Voices of Freedom: An Oral History of the Civil Rights Movement from the 1950s through the 1980s. Edited by Henry Hampton and Steve Fayer. New York: Bantam Books, 1990. When the sun goes down: take this hammer. Leadbelly. Bluebird compact disc #82876-50957-2. White, Josh, Josh at Midnight [sound recording]. Elektra record 12 in. EKL-102. White, Josh, Josh White – live! [sound recording] ABC-Paramount record 12 in. ABC-407. White, Josh, Josh White songs [sound recording]. New York 12 in. 48933773. White, Josh, The Story of John Henry and Ballads, Blues and Other Songs [sound recording], Elektra. X, Malcolm. The Autobiography of Malcolm X. Ballantine Books: New York, 1992. Young Worker (1922-1936). Chicago, IL. Secondary Sources Ames, Russell. “Art in Negro Folksong.” The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 56, No. 222 (Oct.-Dec., 1943): 241-254. Anderson, Jervis. A. Philip Randolph: A biographical portrait. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986. Angle, Paul. The Library of Congress: an account, historical and descriptive. Kingsport, TN: Kingsport Press, 1958. Baldwin, Kate. Beyond the Color Line and the Iron Curtain: reading encounters between Black and Red, 1922-1963. Durham: Duke University Press, 2002. Baraka, Imamu Amiri. Blues people: Negro music in White America. New York: W. Marrow, 1971. Barlow, William. "Looking up at down”: the emergence of blues culture. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1989. Brown, Cecil. Stagolee Shot Billy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003. Brown, Sterling. A Son’s Return. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1996. Brackett, David. “The Politics and Practice of "Crossover" in American Popular Music, 1963 to 1965.” (in Institutions, Industries, Technologies) The Musical Quarterly, Vol. 78, No. 4. (Winter, 1994): 774-797. Butler, Anne M. “Still in Chains: Black Women in Western Prisons, 1865-1910.” The Western Historical Quarterly, Vol. 20, (1989): 18-35. Camper, Joyce A.A. “Sterling Brown: Maker of Community in Academia.” African American Review, Vol. 31, No. 3, (Autumn, 1997): 437-441. Cantwell, Robert. When we were good: the folk revival. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996. Chappell, Louis. John Henry. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1968. Conrad, Robert. Children of God’s Fire: A Documentary History of Black Slavery in Brazil, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983. Cowley, John. “Really the 'Walking Blues': Son House, Muddy Waters, Robert Johnson and the Development of a Traditional Blues.” Popular Music, Vol. 1, (1981): 57-72. Daniel, Pete. The shadow of slavery. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1972. Davis, Angela Y. Blues legacies and Black feminism : Gertrude "Ma" Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday. New York: Pantheon Books, 1998. Denisoff, R. Serge. “Protest Songs: Those on the Top Forty and Those of the Streets.” American Quarterly, Vol. 22, No. 4. (Winter, 1970): 807-823. Denning, Michael. The Cultural Front: the laboring of American culture in the twentieth century. New York: Verso, 1996. Dubois, W.E.B. The Souls of Black Folk. Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2004. Ellis, Desmond, Harold G. Grasmick, and Bernard Gilman. “Violence in Prisons: A Sociological Analysis.” The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 80, (1974): 16-43. Ellison, Ralph. Shadow and act. New York, Random House 1964. Ellison, Ralph. Trading twelves: the selected letters of Ralph Ellison and Albert Murray. New York: Modern Library, 2000. Eyerman, Ron and Scott Barretta. “From the 30s to the 60s: The Folk Music Revival in the United States.” Theory and Society, Vol. 25, (1996): 501-543. Ferris Jr., William R. “Racial Repertories among Blues Performers.” Ethnomusicology, Vol. 14, No. 3 (Sept., 1970): 439-449. Filene, Benjamin. Romancing the folk: memory & American roots music. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. Filene, Benjamin. “’Our Singing Country’: John and Alan Lomax, Leadbelly, and the Construction