JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION A Publication of the Society for Scientifi c Exploration (ISSN 0892-3310) published quarterly, and continuously since 1987 Editorial Offi ce: Journal@Scientifi cExploration.org Manuscript Submission: h" p://journalofscientifi cexploration.org/index.php/jse/ Editor-in-Chief: Stephen E. Braude, University of Maryland Baltimore County Managing Editor: Kathleen E. Erickson, San Jose State University, California Assistant Managing Editor: Elissa Hoeger, Princeton, New Jersey Associate Editors Peter A. Bancel, Institut Métapsychique International, Paris, France; Institute of Noetic Sciences, Petaluma, California, USA Imants Barušs, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Robert Bobrow, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA Jeremy Drake, Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Hartmut Grote, Cardiff University, United Kingdom Julia Mossbridge, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; Institute of Noetic Sciences, Petaluma, California; California Institute of Integral Studies, San Francisco, California; all USA Roger D. Nelson, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA Mark Rodeghier, Center for UFO Studies, Chicago, Illinois, USA Paul H. Smith, Remote Viewing Instructional Services, Cedar City, Utah, USA Harald Walach, Viadrina European University, Frankfurt in Brandenburg, Germany Publications Commi" ee Chair: Garret Moddel, University of Colorado Boulder Editorial Board Dr. Mikel Aickin, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Dr. Steven J. Dick, U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, DC Dr. Peter Fenwick, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK Dr. Alan Gauld, University of No" ingham, UK Prof. W. H. Jeff erys, University of Texas, Austin, TX Dr. Wayne B. Jonas, Samueli Institute, Alexandria, VA Dr. Michael Levin, Tufts University, Boston, MA Dr. David C. Pieri, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA Prof. Juan Roederer, University of Alaska–Fairbanks, AK Prof. Peter A. Sturrock, Stanford University, CA Prof. N. C. Wickramasinghe, Churchill College, UK SUBSCRIPTIONS & PREVIOUS JOURNAL ISSUES: Order at scientifi cexploration.org. COPYRIGHT: Authors share copyright (JSE has fi rst serial rights). While under JSE review, articles may not be published elsewhere except on the author's website. JSE has the right to make accepted articles available online and through print subscription. After publication, authors may use the material if the JSE article is cited: “Reprinted from [title of article], Journal of Scientifi c Exploration, vol. [x], no. [xx], pp. [xx].” ' Society for Scientifi c Exploration—h" ps://www.scientifi cexploration.org Journal of Scientifi c Exploration (ISSN 0892-3310), an open access, peer-reviewed journal, is published quarterly in March, June, September, and December by the Society for Scientifi c Exploration, PO BOX 8012, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. The Journal is free to everyone. Print subscriptions: Society members: $60 per year, Libraries: $165 per year. JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION A Publication of the Society for Scientifi c Exploration AIMS AND SCOPE: The Journal of Scienti! c Exploration is an Open Access journal, which publishes material consistent with the Society’s mission: to provide a professional forum for critical discussion of topics that are for various reasons ignored or studied inadequately within mainstream science, and to promote improved understanding of social and intellectual factors that limit the scope of scienti! c inquiry. Topics of interest cover a wide spectrum, ranging from apparent anomalies in well-established disciplines to rogue phenomena that seem to belong to no established discipline, as well as philosophical issues about the connections among disciplines. The Journal publishes research articles, review articles, essays, commentaries, guest editorials, historical perspectives, obituaries, book reviews, and letters or commentaries pertaining to previously published material. The Journal of Scienti! c Exploration is a Platinum Open Access journal as of 2018 with a CC-BY-NC Creative Commons license, shared copyright with authors: Platinum/Diamond Open Access means there are no fees to readers and no fees to authors—neither page charges (APCs) nor open access fees. CC-BY-NC means Creative Commons open access license, with full attribution, no commercial use (except exerpts). Excerpts and reuse are allowed with no changes and with a full citation of the original work. An entire article cannot be resold. Shared copyright means the Society for Scienti! c Exploration shares copyright with its JSE authors. The Journal of Scienti! c Exploration is indexed in Scopus, Elsevier Abstracts, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). https://doi.org/10.31275/20212101 for this whole issue PDF, JSE, 35(1), Spring 2021. JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION A Publication of the Society for Scientifi c Exploration Volume 35, Number 1 2021 EDITORIAL 5 JSE's First Retraction S"#$%#& E. B'()*# RESEARCH ARTICLES 13 Associative Remote Viewing for Profit: Evaluating the Importance of the Judge and the Investment Instrument J+%& G. K')"% 36 The Psychology and Parapsychology of L(&,# S"+'- Spiritual Emergency M+&./( G+'#"0/. 65 Two Replication Studies of a Time- Reversed (Psi) Priming Task and the Role of Expectancy in Reaction Times M('.12& S,%1."0 #" (1. COMMENTARY 91 Thought-Forms Gone Rogue: A Theory for Psi-Critics and Parapsychologists A*'.(& P('/#' LETTER TO THE EDITOR 129 Another Cryptogram in "Shakespeare's" Dedication of His Sonnets H('(1* W(1(,% OBITUARY 132 Erlendur Haraldsson: An Appreciation J.- B. T),/#' RETRACTION 137 Retraction of: Parra, A., & Giménez Amarilla, P. (2017). Anomalous/paranormal experiences reported by nurses in relation to their patients in hospitals. Journal of Scienti! c Exploration, 31(1), 11–28. 4 Table of Contents JSE 35:1 BOOK REVIEWS 141 The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, D-."'. C#'3+&,.&. Modernity, and the Birth of the Human F#'&(&*#4; A1#5(&*#' – Sciences by Jason A. Josephson-Storm M+'#.'(-A1-#.*( 155 Matlock's Theoretical O6 enses. Signs of Reincarnation: Exploring Beliefs, Cases, and Theory by James G. Matlock S"#$%#& E. B'()*# 166 Signs of Reincarnation: Exploring Beliefs, Cases, and Theory by James G. Matlock P#"#' M)1(,0 183 Signs of Reincarnation: Exploring Beliefs, Cases, and Theory by James G. Matlock M.,%(#1 S)**)"% 209 ESSAY REVIEW: Mediumistic Material- izations in France During the Early 1920s Sessões de Ectoplasmia: Experimentos com Ectoplasma na França de 1920 no Instituto de Metapsíquica Internacional [Ectoplasm Séances: Experiments with Ectoplasm in France in the 1920s at the International Metapsychic Institute] by Antonio Leon C('1+4 S. A17('(*+ 224 Life Before Life: Is There Life Before Birth? 750 Cases of Hypnosis by Helen Wambach T+** H(2#& SSE NEWS 229 Aspiring Explorers News 231 SSE Masthead 232 Index of Previous Articles in JSE 254 Gi8 Orders, Gi8 Memberships, Back Issues, Society Membership 256 Instructions for JSE Authors Journal of Scientifi c Exploration, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 5–12, 2021 0892-3310/21 EDITORIAL JSE's First Retraction S!"#$"% E. B&'()" https://doi.org/10.31275/20202077 Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC his issue of the JSE includes a retraction of a Tpaper by Alejandro Parra we published in 2017. As far as I can determine, it’s the journal’s ! rst o9 cial retraction of a published paper. The reason for this action is the author’s extensive plagiarism, both in that paper and in other published work (including a recent book whose publisher has since recalled all copies). It’s a sad state of a6 airs, of course—and perhaps the ! rst of its kind in this particular and admittedly minor scienti! c domain. It reminds me that six years ago, in Volume 29(2), we published a paper on retractions in science, and in that issue I seized the opportunity to editorialize further on the subject. I recycle that Editorial below. But before that, I must note that careful examination has found no evidence of plagiarism in the one other research article (in 2018) and the one book review we’ve published by Parra—however, a recent Parra submission to JSE (that we rejected) was substantially plagiarized, except for an added abstract, from a paper published in Spanish by another author in another journal. I must also mention that, henceforth, the JSE will run routine plagiarism tests on papers accepted for publication. I thought this was a chore I’d le8 behind when I retired from teaching. However, I don’t want the JSE to emulate the person who said “I’ve learned from my mistakes, and I’m certain I can repeat them exactly.” -------- EDITORIAL from JSE Volume 29(2) in 2015, pp. 189–194 -------- ne of the Commentaries in this issue is something of a Odeparture for the JSE. The paper by Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva (https://www.scienti! cexploration.org/docs/29/jse_29_2_TeixeiradaSilva.pdf) 6 Editorial concerns retractions in scienti! c publications, a topic that has been receiving increasing attention in recent years, apparently coinciding with an increasing number of retractions over the same period. Because the SSE and JSE focus not only on speci! c (usually controversial or neglected) domains of scienti! c investigation but also on broader issues concerning the practice of science itself, I ! gured that the cluster of issues surrounding retractions might be of both theoretical and practical interest to JSE readers. The sheer number of retractions is enough to give one pause. A recent survey by R. Grant Steen of the PubMed database from 2000 to 2010 identi! ed 788 retracted papers (Steen, 2011). For 46 of those papers, Steen was unable to ! nd formal retraction notices. So, his survey dealt with the remaining 742 papers for which he could obtain such notices. The reasons for retraction were broadly identi! ed as fraud and error. The former included data fabrication and data falsi! cation, and the latter included (among other things) plagiarism,1 scienti! c mistake, and ethical issues (violations of accepted publication practices—for example, IRB [Institutional Review Board] violations). Steen found that the reason for retraction was more o8 en error than fraud—73.5% as compared to 26.5%.