BRANCH-WISE ECONOMY UDC 631.145 © Bilkov V.A., Shaverina M.V., Medvedeva N.A. Intensification and innovation approach toward the dairy livestock breeding in Vologodsky District Using an example of farms located in Vologodsky District, the article reveals the state of affairs and the ways of modernization concerning dairy cattle husbandry, which is the Vologda Oblast’s leading branch of agroindustrial complex. The basis for modernization includes innovations in breeding, fodder production, feeding and milking technologies, loose cow housing, personnel training, optimal work organization at dairy farms and complexes, improvement of the quality of raw milk. All these factors promote the intensive development and competitiveness of the region’s agricultural organizations. Vologodsky District, dairy cattle husbandry, stock breeding, intensification, modernization, raw milk quality, competitiveness. Valentin A. BILKOV Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Head of Animal Breeding Section of the Vologda Oblast Department of agriculture, food stocks and trade [email protected] Marina V. SHAVERINA Head of Animal Husbandry and Breeding Section of the Department of Socio- Economic Development of the Village of the Vologda municipal district [email protected] Nataliya A. MEDVEDEVA Ph.D. in Economics, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Statistics and Economic Analysis at the Vologda State Dairy Farming Academy named after N.V. Vereshchagin [email protected] At present, Russia’s economy is un- ronmental protection and natural resources dergoing the transition to an innovation conservation are highlighted as priority type under the programme documents of issues in the Concept of Long-Term Socio- federal and regional levels. Modernization Economic Development of Russia up to of major industries, the necessity of envi- 2020. 96 5 (23) 2012 Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast BRANCH-WISE ECONOMY V.A. Bilkov, M.V. Shaverina, N.A. Medvedeva When working out the development practical interest, as its enterprises produce scenarios, a target scenario was proposed, 28.5% of the total oblast milk volume, the which is based on the transition of the Vologda average milk yield in 2011 reached 6397 kg Oblast’s agro-industrial complex to innova- (2.5 times higher than in 1990), gross milk out- tion development. This option envisages the put – 119.5 thousand tons (+ 22% as compared establishment in the medium term of the to 1990), the number of cows – 18.7 thousand powerful research facility in the Oblast, which head (-18% as compared to 1990). Labor costs should become the point of technologies per 1 centner of milk decreased from 4.69 to transfer, the source of scientific personnel and 1.98 man-hours (-67.8%) [5]. ideas. It is expected that the share of agricultural The leaders in milk yield are: Collective goods produced with the use of resource- farm Rodina – 8389 kg, agricultural production saving technologies will reach 35 – 40%, cooperative (APC) Prisukhonskoye – 7671 kg, and the share of food products – 70 – 80%. agricultural production cooperative horse stud Livestock breeding will also experience a farm (APCHSF) Vologodsky – 7622 kg, APC transition to new, resource-saving technolo- Peredovoy – 7130 kg, agricultural production gies. Average milk yield per 1 cow in the oblast’s cooperative breeding farm (APCBF) Maisky – agricultural enterprises will exceed 6 thousand 7297 kg [1, 4]. Milk production has increased kg a year. Retaining the cow population in the in 17 farms out of 22. The following enterprises agricultural sector at 98 thousand head will account for the highest increase rates: APCBF provide for the production of 600 thousand Prigorodny +775 tons, or 105%; collective tons of milk to 2020. In line with the Food farm Rodina – +761 tons, or 105%; APCBF Security Doctrine, the main directions of state Maisky – +528 tons, or 105%; CJSC Agrofirm economic policy comprise: Severnaya Ferma – + 470 tons, or 105%; APC • accelerated development of cattle bre- Agrofirm Krasnaya Zvezda – +458 tons, or eding; 105%, etc. • development of scientific potential of The main and interrelated directions of the agro-industrial complex, support of new livestock breeding intensification include research areas in allied sciences and the selection, complete and balanced feeding, implementation of measures preventing brain scientifically grounded production technology drain; and the optimal organization of labour on • increase in structural and technological farms and complexes [3, 8, 10]. The district modernization rates of agro-industrial and farms implement activities aimed at dairy cattle fishery complexes, the reproduction of natural breeding intensification, the main of them and ecological potential; include: • development of the system of training • innovations in breeding (use of the most and improving the professional skills of valuable bulls, intensive calf rearing with the use personnel, capable of implementing the tasks of milk acidification); of the innovation development model of • modern technologies of silo and haylage agricultural and fishery complexes with regard pitting, harvesting of fodder grain crops with to food security requirements [6]. high humidity; The Vologda Oblast dairy cattle breeding • balanced diets, including protein feed; farms introduce measures significantly in- • technological modernization of the creasing their competitiveness on the basis of farms; an innovation approach. The experience of • improvement of the staff’s professional Vologodsky Dictrict is of special scientific and skills. Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast 5 (23) 2012 97 Intensification and innovation approach toward the dairy livestock breeding in the Vologda district The high organizational level of breeding Breeding work with a herd of cattle is kept work is of paramount importance [8, 10]. In according to the plans of breeding work, dairy cattle breeding, 8 farms have a status of a developed for each breeding farm, as well as breeding farm (APCBF Prigorodny, APC for the district as a whole. Breeding records are Peredovoy, Collective farm Rodina, APCBF kept at a high level with the use of “SELEX” Maisky, APC Agrofirm Krasnaya Zvezda, software. All the livestock is valuated. In 2011, APCHSF Vologodsky, Federal state unitary 36776 head of breeding stock and heifers was enterprise scientific-experimental farm valuated, including 18765 head of cows. Pure Molochnoye, APC Prisukhonskoye); 7 farms bred and fourth generation cattle comprise have a status of a breeding reproductor 99.1% of valuated livestock. The number of (APCBF Ilyushinsky, APCBF Novlensky, LLC high quality cattle is increasing each year. The Projector, CJSC Agrofirm Severnaya Ferma, number of cows and heifers belonging to “elite” APCBF Teplichny, Fetinino Department, and “elite record” classes equaled 95.2% CJSC Nadeyevo, LLC Agricultural enterprise in 2011. The number of cows with record- Kurkino). breaking productivity has increased. APCBF Plemptitsa Mozhayskoye and The best cows produce more than 11 CJSC Vologda Poultry Farm have a status of a thousand kg of milk for 305 days of lactation breeding farm in poultry breeding, and in horse (tab. 1). breeding – APCHSF Vologodsky. Vologodsky District farms had 5385 cows The share of breeding farms in the total (36%) with milk yield exceeding 7 thousand kg, 326 cows – with milk yield exceeding 10 volume of milk production equals 57.7%. At thousand kg in 2011 (tab. 2). the same time, they provide milk-processing Considerable attention is paid to young enterprises with raw milk of the highest and stock rearing. [8, 10]. Average daily calf per- the first grade only. formance in the best district’s farms equals The cattle on the breeding farms is of the 650 – 750 grams. The average live weight highest quality. The enterprises that successfully of 10-month-old heifers equaled 244 kg, of combine animal feeding and housing with 12-month-old heifers – 283 kg, of 18-month- efficiently organized breeding work achieve the old heifers – 388 kg for 2011, which exceeds greatest success. the standard parameter of the breed. Over the The influence of breeding farms on the last few years the semen of foreign stud bulls has improvement of pedigree and productive been widely used. 9718 cows and heifers have qualities of dairy cattle in the Vologda Oblast been inseminated by the bulls improving the has increased significantly through the sales of genetics and performance of livestock. The use pedigree livestock to agricultural production of immunogenetic expertise is becoming more enterprises and the replacement of low- widespread in the region (it is carried out by the productive animals. State Scientific Establishment Northwestern The district’s breeding enterprises sale more Scientific Research Institute of the Dairy and than 1500 (about 50% of the total sales of all Meadow-Pasture Economy) of the Russian breeding farms in the Oblast) head of cattle Academy of Agricultural Science) in order to annually. confirm the origin of the breeding stock. The provision of pedigree cattle with high The leading farms have accumulated great genetic potential allows for constant increase experience of breeding work, which is being in cow productivity and milk production studied and used in the Vologda Oblast and volumes in the region. other regions (tab. 3). 98 5 (23) 2012 Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast BRANCH-WISE ECONOMY V.A. Bilkov, M.V. Shaverina, N.A. Medvedeva Table 1. Record productivity of cows according to their breeds for the last completed lactation Milk yield for 305 Share of protein in milk Cow’s name and number Farm Year days, kg %% Travina 3174 APCBF Maisky 2 12812 4,41 3,5 Silva 20568 CJSC Agrofirm Severnaya Ferma 3 13539 3,99 3,54 Otvaga 5030 Collective farm Rodina 3 11847 3,99 3,33 Izumrudnaya 4320 APC Agrofirm Krasnaya Zvezda 4 10326 5,22 3,29 Stranichka 6200 APC Agrofirm Krasnaya Zvezda 3 9764 4,93 3,05 Table 2. Dynamics of the number of high-producing cows and their share in Vologodsky Dictrict farms for 2006 – 2011 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Indicators % % % % % % Head Head Head Head Head Head Difference (%) Number of cows with milk yield exceeding 6 thsd.