South East Research Framework Resource Assessment and Research Agenda for Post-medieval, Modern and Industrial periods (2013 with revisions in 2019) Post-medieval, Modern and Industrial Luke Barber (with contributions by Polydora Baker and Ruth Pelling) Contents Resource Assessment ..................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ............................................................................................ 3 2. Sources .................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Archaeological data ............................................................................ 5 2.2 Documentary ...................................................................................... 6 3. Transition from the medieval period ....................................................... 7 4. Rural landscape and settlement ............................................................. 7 4.1 Farms.................................................................................................. 9 4.2 Houses of the upper class .................................................................. 9 4.3 Villages and dispersed housing ........................................................ 12 5. Towns and urbanism ............................................................................ 13 5.1 Urban Archaeology ........................................................................... 15 5.2 Urban domestic buildings.................................................................. 16 5.3 Backyards, water and refuse ............................................................ 17 5.4 Retail premises and inns................................................................... 17 5.5 Public parks and open spaces .......................................................... 18 6. Political, Administrative and Social Context ......................................... 18 6.1 Public buildings ................................................................................. 19 6.2 Public utilities .................................................................................... 19 7. Social structure and identity ................................................................. 20 8. Communications .................................................................................. 20 8.1 Roads ............................................................................................... 21 8.2 Inland waterways .............................................................................. 22 8.3 Coastal.............................................................................................. 22 8.4 Rail ................................................................................................... 23 8.5 Air ..................................................................................................... 24 9. Energy Production Technology ............................................................ 25 9.1 Man/horse-power .............................................................................. 25 9.2 Waterpower ...................................................................................... 25 9.3 Windpower ........................................................................................ 27 9.4 Steam ............................................................................................... 28 9.5 Oil, gas, coal and electricity .............................................................. 28 10. Economy/Industry ............................................................................. 29 10.1 Woodland Industries ....................................................................... 29 10.2 Agriculture ....................................................................................... 30 10.3 Farming related industry ................................................................. 31 10.4 Brewing ........................................................................................... 31 10.5 Extractive industry .......................................................................... 32 10.6 Iron ................................................................................................. 35 10.7 Non-ferrous metals ......................................................................... 36 1 South East Research Framework Resource Assessment and Research Agenda for Post-medieval, Modern and Industrial periods (2013 with revisions in 2019) 10.8 Glass............................................................................................... 36 10.9 Textiles ........................................................................................... 37 10.10 Paper ............................................................................................ 38 10.11 Leather .......................................................................................... 39 10.12 Gunpowder ................................................................................... 39 10.13 Bricks and tiles .............................................................................. 40 10.14 Pottery and clay pipes................................................................... 41 10.15 Maritime trade and cross-channel ferries ...................................... 42 10.16 Ferries/Cross-channel services .................................................... 44 11. Engineering and manufacture ........................................................... 44 11.1 Chemical ......................................................................................... 45 11.2 Other ............................................................................................... 45 12. Leisure industry ................................................................................ 46 13. Material Culture, Diet and Environment ............................................ 47 14. Belief and Ritual ................................................................................ 48 14.1 Churches ........................................................................................ 48 14.2 Non-conformist chapels .................................................................. 49 14.3 Funerary practices (cemeteries and burial) ..................................... 49 14.4 Monuments/memorials.................................................................... 50 15. Conclusions ...................................................................................... 50 Research agenda........................................................................................... 51 15. Introduction ....................................................................................... 51 16. General ............................................................................................. 52 17. Rural Landscape and Settlement ...................................................... 53 17.1 Landscape and Farms .................................................................... 53 17.2 Houses of the Upper Classes ......................................................... 53 17.3 Rural settlement .............................................................................. 54 17.4 Gardens .......................................................................................... 54 18. Urban Landscape and Settlement .................................................... 55 19. Political, Administrative and Social Context ...................................... 56 20. Communications ............................................................................... 57 21. Technology (Development of Power) ................................................ 58 22. Economy (and industry) .................................................................... 58 22.1 Woodland Industries ....................................................................... 59 22.2 Agriculture ....................................................................................... 60 22.3 Extractive industry .......................................................................... 60 22.4 Metal ............................................................................................... 61 22.5 Glass............................................................................................... 62 22.6 Textiles ........................................................................................... 62 22.7 Paper .............................................................................................. 63 22.8 Leather............................................................................................ 63 22.9 Gunpowder ..................................................................................... 63 22.10 Bricks and tiles .............................................................................. 63 22.11 Pottery and clay pipes................................................................... 64 23. Engineering and manufacture ........................................................... 64 23.1 Chemical and electrical ................................................................... 64 24 Leisure industry ..................................................................................... 64 25 Material Culture and Diet .................................................................. 65 26 Belief and Ritual ................................................................................ 65 Bibliography ..................................................................................................