ARE 214B Building Structures 1 B Term 2 2019-2020 Instructor: B. Lonnman Assignment 5 Building Structure List Make of list of each reference to a building or structure mentioned in the lectures. Identify and describe in one or two sentences the significant aspect or issue. Include: Name of building or structure, place, architect and/or engineer, date of completion. DUE: May 27th. (end of term) Submit as a single pdf with page breaks between lectures. L1_Intro Sports Palace (Rome, Italy) P. L. Nervi, 1957 A shallow dome roof constructed of r/c with inclined Y-shaped buttress struts as the support. Portuguese National Pavilion Expo 98 (Lisbon, Portugal) Alvaro Siza A long-span curved concrete roof plane between two stone cladded pavilions designed to resist sliding force with the ground and overturning moment of the foundation. HSBC Headquarters (Hong Kong) Norman Foster A skeleton high rise structure with hanging tensional steel columns, transferring loads to the eight main clustered columns and form 4 connected steel tubes. Pont du Gard (nr Nimes, France) Roman construction, 1st century AD 3 layers of various sized and scaled stone arches formed a tall bridge. Exchange House (London, UK) Skidmore Owings & Merrill (SOM). 1996 A parabolic steel arch with 2 interior diagonal member to resist any deformation occurred by wind load or other external forces. Statue of Liberty (NYC, USA) Gustave Eiffel & F. A. Bartholdi [sculptor], 1886 A tall sectional sculpture supported by lightweight steel framing to four column steel central mast and used Asbestos as to resist corrosion, casted in France but tansported to the USA for assembly and installation. Whole statue sits on a classical stone base. Columbus Convention Center (Columbus, Ohio, USA) Peter Eisenmann, 1987 A typical soft architecture with a group of narrow curved building forms on a large piece of plan. Openings are varied in each building. 880 N Lake Shore Drive (Chicago, Illinois, USA) Mies Van der Rohe, 1949-52 A typical functionalism building with a rigid column grid consisted of 24 column supports, formed a rectilinear plan included 8 rooms and an equipment core. Renault Distribution Center (Swindon, England) Norman Foster with Ove Arup & Partners [engr], 1983 A tall yellow masted column with tensional cable stayed trussed beam spans of 24m. Tagus Bridge (proposed) (Portugal) Fritz Leonhardt & G. Lohmer [engr], 1960 A steel suspension bridge with aerodynamic bridge deck design and diagonal web of suspension hangars. Bank of China Tower (Hong Kong) I.M.Pei with Leslie Robertson [engr], 1995 A high rise consisted of 4 main columns and a mega steel frame with curtain wall windows. BCE PLACE: Galleria & Heritage Square (Toronto) S. Calatrava, 1989 Inspired by tree trunk forms and reinterpreted the form by steel structured with tall glass roof as the natural lighting source. Sections are made of welded cut plate steel. Church of San Lorenzo (Turin, Italy) Guarino Guarini, late 17th century Dome with intersecting arches and formed a complex hexagonal geometry. US Pavilion at Expo(Montreal, Canada) R. Buckminster Fuller, Shoji Sadao, 1967 A geodesic domed steel structure patented by R. Buckminster Fuller. Alcoa Aluminum Headquarters (Mobile, Alabama, USA) R. Buckminster Fuller, 1970 Another geodesic domed steel structure patented by R. Buckminster Fuller. Eiffel Tower (Paris) Gustav Eiffel, 1989 The first tallest building in the world with eight and four main steel supports on the second and third part of it respectively. The integral structure included a central hollow space allows wind to pass through as to reduce the external wind forces (bending moment) added to the tall structure. Caree d’Art Museum (Nimes, France) Norman Foster & Associates, 1983 A modern design of Maison Caree with the use of modern materials such as thin layer of entrance canopy and the slender titanium steel columns, contrasting with the thick Greek columns and pediment. Olympic Athletes Hotel Tower (Barcelona, Spain) Skidmore Owings and Merril, 1991 An exterior steel frame with calculated distance from the façade, so as to demonstrate a qualified performance whenever there is a high temperature of fire in the building. Stadelhofen Rail Station platform canopy (Zurich, Switzerland) S. Calatrava, 1986 A cantilevered steel and glass canopy whose form is closely related to a desk table designed by Jean Prouve in 1948. Montjuic Communications Tower (Barcelona, Spain) S. Calatrava, 1992 A 136m tall tower with the spindle shape of its highest part, supported by a tilted column that creates a dynamic contrapposto to the upright. Alamillo Bridge (Seville, Spain) S. Calatrava, 1989 A tilted support column with suspended steel cables along the whole bridge span. L2A_Graphic Statics Intro Airport Terminal 3 (Germany) Von GerkanMarg and Partners Stuttgart, 1991 A pure axial compression column structure supported the three parts of roof, like the branches of a tree. L3_Load Path Golden Gate Bridge (San Francisco) Joseph Strauss [engr], Leon Moisseiff [design], Charles A. Ellis [structure], 1937 [span: 1280m] A long span suspension bridge with the main deck designed to be flexible and under extreme loading can move 4.9m vertically and 8.3m sideways. However, on its 50th anniversary, the density of humans became an unpredicted loads of the bridge. HSBC Headquarters Building (Hong Kong) Foster and Partners [arch], Ove Arup & Partners [structural engr], 1978-1985 A skeleton high rise structure with hanging tensional steel columns, transferring loads to the eight main clustered columns and form 4 connected steel tubes. Mechanical machineries are designed to be on the floor instead of ceiling. Crosby Kemper Arena (Kansas City, MO) C. F. Murphy Associates, 1974 A three dimensional truss on the roof with decking for the ceiling slab and supporting trusses in the interior, forming a multi levels spanning system. Philips Exeter Academy Sports Center (Exeter, NH) Kallman and Mckinnell, ca. 1977 A three dimensional steel truss frame is added to the roof and also forms a four level structural system for the roof span. L4_Materials Sainte Genevieve Library (Paris) Henri Labrouste, 1850 A classical library with cast iron arches structure under the roof and slender cast iron columns. Eiffel Tower (Paris) Gustav Eiffel, 1889 A pure steel framed structure constructed of puddled iron, a kind of wrought iron. Shukhov Radio Tower (Moscow) Vladimir Shukhov, 1922 A high rise tower with steel lattice hyperboloid sections. L5_Tension Structures Deck-stiffened suspension bridge (Schuylkill, Philadelphia) James Findley, 1808 [span:61m] The first iron chain suspension bridge and the start of the series on early suspension bridges. It is only for pedestrian traffic. It consisted of a 12 feet 6 inches wide deck and two 14 feet high towers. Menai Straits Bridge (Wales, England) Thomas Telford, 1826 [span: 177m] A suspension bridge supported by two stone towers with arched supports to ensure the headroom height is high enough for tall ships to pass through. Connects Anglesey Island and the mainland of Wales. Brooklyn Bridge (New York City) John Roebling, 1883 [span: 486m] Constructed of new invented strong cables by cable spanning and supported by stone cladded towers. Connects Manhattan and Brooklyn and becomes a landmark in NYC. George Washington Bridge (New York City) Othmar Ammann, 1931 [span: 1067m] A long span suspension steel structure with exposed structure of the tower, no masonry is included. Connects Manhattan and New Jersey. Golden Gate Bridge (San Francisco, CA) Joseph Strauss, 1937 [span: 1281m] Curvature of the suspension cables has to be predicted before the construction. Connects San Francisco to Marin Country, becomes a landmark in San Francisco. Exhibition Hall (Nizhni Novgorod, Russia) Vladimir Shukhrov, 1896 A lightweight circular roof envelope supported by a diagrid cable network supporting. Wind uplift loads is a concern for the lightweight roof.. Exhibition Hall (Paris) E. Beaudouin & M. Lods, 1934 [430m] A roofed steel structure with loads of steel bars intersect each other from the diameter to the center. Apart from the uniform steel structure on the side, four parabola steel arches intersect and form two entrances and support for the outer circular roof frame. Municipal Auditorium (Utica, NY, USA) Lev Zetlin[engr], 1956 [74 m] An indoor sports and concert venue in Nashville, Tennessee. Constructed by connecting steel structure from the outer diameter to the center, convex cables are shown in the section. Coliseum (Raleigh, NC, USA) Matthew Nowicki, 1953 A double curvature form of the hyperbolic paraboloid is used to create a self- restraining lightweight suspension roof. Perpendicular cables resist gravity and are supported by compression arches to resist inward tension. Dulles Airport Terminal (Washington, DC) Eero Saarinen, ca. 1957 Vertical pier supports the ends of the cables carry the vertical components of the cable reactions by axial compression and the horizontal component by bending. Youth Cultural Center (Firminy, France) Le Corbusier, ca.1958 Large scaled connections are placed on the edge of the building in order to resist the tensional forces of the cables. Federal Reserve Bank (Minneapolis, MN, USA) Gunter Birkirts, 1973 The reversed tensional parabola steel structure is to resist the compressional force of the middle part. Maracaibo Bridge (Venezuela, SA) Riccardo Morandi [engr], 1962 The cable-stayed structure is made of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete, carrying only vehicles. Connects Maracaibo with much of the rest of the country. The 5 main spans are 235m each. Ting Kau Bridge (Hong Kong) Schlaich Bergermann and Partners, 1998 Apart from the tower, connections are expanded to the two sides with extra thick cables linking back to the tower. Connects northwest of Tsing Yi Island and Ting Kau. Erasmus Bridge “The Swan” (Rotterdam, Netherland) Ben van Berkel, 1996 Thirty-two stays attached to the top pf the pylon which takes the majority of the weight, supported by eight backstays and five concrete piers. There are four main spans of the bridge and the longest one measuring 280m.