Billings Logan International Airport

Billings Logan International Airport

PROGRAMMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Dam Maintenance Activities Bureau of Indian Affairs and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes Flathead Indian Reservation, Montana February 2021 Assembled by: 1055 Mount Avenue Missoula, MT 59801 This Environmental Assessment becomes a federal document when evaluated, signed and dated by the responsible Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Official. Responsible BIA Official Date TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 PROPOSAL PURPOSE AND NEED ...................................................................... 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................1 1.1 BACKGROUND AND EXISTING FACILITIES ................................................................. 2 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE PROPOSED ACTION ................................................................... 14 1.3 NEED FOR THE PROPOSED ACTION ........................................................................ 14 CHAPTER 2 ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................................. 15 2.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 15 2.1 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE ......................................................................................... 15 2.2 THE PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE/PROPOSED ACTION ............................................ 15 2.3 SELECTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION ................................................................. 17 CHAPTER 3 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................... 18 3.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 18 3.1 LAND RESOURCES ..................................................................................................... 18 3.1.1 Topography ........................................................................................................ 18 3.1.2 Soils ................................................................................................................... 18 3.1.3 Geology, Mineral and Paleontological Resources .............................................. 18 3.2 WATER RESOURCES .................................................................................................. 18 3.2.1 Floodplains ........................................................................................................ 18 3.2.2 Wetlands ............................................................................................................ 19 3.2.3 Water Quality ..................................................................................................... 19 3.2.4 Water Quantity ................................................................................................... 20 3.2.5 Water Use .......................................................................................................... 21 3.2.6 Water Rights ...................................................................................................... 21 3.2.7 Irrigation ............................................................................................................. 21 3.3 AIR QUALITY ................................................................................................................ 21 3.4 LIVING RESOURCES ................................................................................................... 22 3.4.1 Wildlife ............................................................................................................... 22 3.4.2 Vegetation.......................................................................................................... 26 3.4.3 Ecosystems and Biological Communities ........................................................... 30 3.4.4 Agriculture.......................................................................................................... 31 3.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 31 3.5.1 Historic and Archeological Resources ................................................................ 31 3.5.2 Cultural, Sacred and Traditional Cultural Properties ........................................... 32 3.6 SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS ................................................................................ 32 3.6.1 Employment and Income ................................................................................... 32 3.6.2 Demographic Trends ......................................................................................... 32 3.6.3 Lifestyle and Cultural Values .............................................................................. 32 3.6.4 Community Infrastructure ................................................................................... 33 3.6.5 Environmental Justice ........................................................................................ 33 i 3.7 RESOURCE USE PATTERNS ...................................................................................... 33 3.7.1 Hunting, Fishing, Gathering ............................................................................... 33 3.7.2 Timber Harvesting .............................................................................................. 34 3.7.3 Agriculture.......................................................................................................... 34 3.7.4 Mineral Extraction .............................................................................................. 34 3.7.5 Recreation ......................................................................................................... 34 3.7.6 Transportation Networks .................................................................................... 34 3.7.7 Land Use Plans ................................................................................................. 34 3.7.8 Energy ............................................................................................................... 35 3.8 OTHER VALUES ........................................................................................................... 35 3.8.1 Wilderness Areas ............................................................................................... 35 3.8.2 Wild and Scenic Rivers ...................................................................................... 35 3.8.3 Noise and Light .................................................................................................. 35 3.8.4 Visual ................................................................................................................. 35 3.8.5 Public Health and Safety .................................................................................... 35 3.8.6 Climate Change ................................................................................................. 36 3.8.7 Indian Trust Assets ............................................................................................ 36 3.8.8 Hazardous Materials .......................................................................................... 36 CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES/ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ............... 37 4.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 37 4.1 LAND RESOURCES ..................................................................................................... 37 4.1.1 Topography and Soils ........................................................................................ 37 4.1.2 Geology, Mineral and Paleontological Resources .............................................. 38 4.1.3 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 38 4.2 WATER RESOURCES .................................................................................................. 38 4.2.1 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 39 4.3 AIR QUALITY ................................................................................................................ 39 4.3.1 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 39 4.4 LIVING RESOURCES ................................................................................................... 39 4.4.1 Wildlife ............................................................................................................... 39 4.4.2 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 43 4.4.3 Vegetation.......................................................................................................... 44 4.4.4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 45 4.5 ECOSYSTEMS AND BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES ..................................................... 45 4.6 AGRICULTURE ............................................................................................................. 45 4.7 CULTURAL RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 45 4.8 SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS ................................................................................ 46 4.9 RESOURCE USE PATTERNS .....................................................................................

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