S. HRG. 108–373 FISCAL YEAR 2004 SUPPLEMENTAL REQUEST FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION SPECIAL HEARINGS SEPTEMBER 22, 2003—WASHINGTON, DC SEPTEMBER 24, 2003—WASHINGTON, DC SEPTEMBER 25, 2003—WASHINGTON, DC Printed for the use of the Committee on Appropriations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 90–309 PDF WASHINGTON : 2004 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS TED STEVENS, Alaska, Chairman THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, South Carolina CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky TOM HARKIN, Iowa CONRAD BURNS, Montana BARBARA A. MIKULSKI, Maryland RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama HARRY REID, Nevada JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire HERB KOHL, Wisconsin ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah PATTY MURRAY, Washington BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota LARRY CRAIG, Idaho DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois MIKE DEWINE, Ohio TIM JOHNSON, South Dakota SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana JAMES W. MORHARD, Staff Director LISA SUTHERLAND, Deputy Staff Director TERRENCE E. SAUVAIN, Minority Staff Director (II) CONTENTS MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 2003 Page Opening Statement of Chairman Ted Stevens ...................................................... 1 Statement of Hon. L. Paul Bremer, U.S. Administrator in Iraq ......................... 1 Prepared Statement of ..................................................................................... 7 Coalition Provisional Authority Request to Rehabilitate and Reconstruct Iraq ........................................................................................................................ 12 Supplemental Request ............................................................................................. 15 Iraqi Reconstruction ................................................................................................ 20 The Plan ................................................................................................................... 21 Coalition Forces ....................................................................................................... 23 Contracts .................................................................................................................. 25 Telecommunications ................................................................................................ 27 Essential Services .................................................................................................... 28 International Community ....................................................................................... 28 Oil Reserves ............................................................................................................. 34 Reconstruction Funding .......................................................................................... 34 Healthcare for Children .......................................................................................... 37 Military Money ........................................................................................................ 40 Oil Assets ................................................................................................................. 41 Terrorists .................................................................................................................. 46 The Plan ................................................................................................................... 48 Prepared Statement of Senator Mitch McConnell ................................................ 52 Oil Revenues ............................................................................................................ 53 Iraqi Oil .................................................................................................................... 56 WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 2003 Opening Statement of Chairman Ted Stevens ...................................................... 75 Statement of Hon. Donald H. Rumsfeld, Secretary, Department of Defense ..... 75 General Richard Myers, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff .................................... 75 General John P. Abizaid, Commander, CENTCOM ............................................. 75 Dr. Dov Zakheim, Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) ............................. 75 Fiscal Year 2004 Supplemental Request ............................................................... 76 Importance of Funding for Recovery ...................................................................... 76 Progress in Afghanistan .......................................................................................... 77 Progress in Iraq ....................................................................................................... 77 Foreign Contributions ............................................................................................. 78 Affordability ............................................................................................................. 79 Prepared Statement of Donald H. Rumsfeld ......................................................... 80 Prepared Statement of General John F. Abizaid .................................................. 84 War on Terrorism .................................................................................................... 84 Iraq ........................................................................................................................... 85 Afghanistan .............................................................................................................. 86 Mandate From American People ............................................................................ 90 Oversight of Political Initiatives ............................................................................. 91 Status of International Support ............................................................................. 92 Other Components of the Request ......................................................................... 93 Coast Guard Funding .............................................................................................. 93 Participation of Reserve Components .................................................................... 94 National Guard/Reserve Troops Supplemental Funds ......................................... 94 Assessments of Guard/Reserve/Iraq Forces ........................................................... 94 Fortitude of Iraqi People ......................................................................................... 95 Funding for Foreign Divisions ................................................................................ 95 (III) IV Page Coalition Support ..................................................................................................... 96 Force Levels ............................................................................................................. 96 International Forces ................................................................................................ 97 Obligation of Coalition Support Funding ............................................................... 98 Loans as an Alternative .......................................................................................... 98 U.N. Involvement ..................................................................................................... 99 Political Failure in Iraq? ......................................................................................... 102 Stay the Course and Win the War ......................................................................... 103 Improvements in Iraq .............................................................................................. 104 Difficulty of the Task in Iraq .................................................................................. 104 Winning the War on Terrorism .............................................................................. 105 TRICARE for Reservists ......................................................................................... 107 Responses to Senator Leahy ................................................................................... 108 Recruitment and Retention ..................................................................................... 110 Reenlistment ............................................................................................................ 111 Military Construction Funding ............................................................................... 113 Entire Supplemental for the War? ......................................................................... 113 Responsibility for Recovery in Iraq ........................................................................ 115 Progress in Iraq ....................................................................................................... 116 Funding for Equipment ..........................................................................................