Moving the Economy A REGIONAL GOODS MOVEMENT STRATEGY FOR METRO VANCOUVER CONTEXT & BACKGROUND - JUNE 2017 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION . 1 THE STATE OF GOODS MOVEMENT IN METRO VANCOUVER .............................................. 3 1.0 Goods Movement Modes ................................................................. 3 1.1 Road............................................................................. 4 1.2 Rail ............................................................................. 8 1.3 Pipelines ......................................................................... 9 1.4 Marine .......................................................................... 10 1.5 Air ............................................................................. 12 2.0 Freight Market Sectors .................................................................. 14 2.1 Regional Sector................................................................... 16 2.2 Inter-Regional Sector .............................................................. 17 2.3 Asia-Pacific Gateway Sector ........................................................ 18 2.4 Cascade Border Sector ............................................................ 19 SETTING THE STAGE ............................................................................. 20 3.0 What We Have Achieved So Far ........................................................... 20 4.0 The Challenges We Still Face ............................................................. 22 4.1 Travel time reliability for movers of goods and services .................................. 23 4.2 Lack of coordinated planning and inconsistency in regulations between jurisdictions ........ 24 4.3 Limited availability of accessible land for industrial uses ................................ 25 4.4 Lack of public awareness of the value and impact of goods movement ..................... 27 4.5 Balancing Community livability with goods movement needs ............................ 28 NEXT STEPS ................................................................................ 30 5.0 Regional Goods Movement Strategy....................................................... 30 Moving the Economy: A REGIONAL GOODS MOVEMENT STRATEGY FOR METRO VANCOUVER | CONTEXT & BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION The movement of goods is complex, entailing the delivery to a residence, or delivery of construction interaction and coordination of many modes —road, material and equipment to a construction site; rail, pipeline, marine, and air — and of numerous • Processing and production: movement of materials public agencies, private firms, and shippers and and components to and from manufacturing receivers. For individual businesses, communities, and facilities, which produce finished consumer goods governments to all achieve their objectives as best as or “intermediate” goods for further manufacturing; possible, it is important to coordinate and consider how for example, a window glass production facility, or the entire system works together. a timber processing plant; Goods move through and within the region for a variety • Imports and exports: shipping of commodities of reasons, including: and goods to and from the global marketplace; • Local deliveries: transport of products to for example, export of grain from Saskatchewan, businesses and homes for use and consumption import of textiles from Asia, or imports of within the region; for example, a shipment of industrial machinery and components for resource produce to a local grocery store, a package projects in Western Canada. 1 Moving the Economy: A REGIONAL GOODS MOVEMENT STRATEGY FOR METRO VANCOUVER | CONTEXT & BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION Goods movement can also sometimes conflict • As Canada’s third-largest urban area, the region is with passenger transportation needs or with other home to 2.3 million people and supports 1.3 million community aspirations. As a result, we need to jobs across a diverse economy that must supply ensure that goods movement objectives in the Metro products to households and businesses alike. Vancouver region are considered together with other • Metro Vancouver also has a critical provincial and transportation and land use objectives in an integrated national role as Canada’s Asia-Pacific Gateway regional policy framework guided by Metro 2040: and as an important border crossing to the United Shaping Our Future; the Regional Transportation States. Our network of roads, marine ports, rail Strategy, and municipal Official Community Plans. terminals, and airports connects British Columbia Goods Movement planning in Metro Vancouver and Canada to the United States, Asia, and the must deal with an additional challenge in that Metro world. This role as a trade portal is critical to the Vancouver is both a large metropolitan region and a viability of our national and provincial economies. major multi-modal international port. 2 Moving the Economy: A REGIONAL GOODS MOVEMENT STRATEGY FOR METRO VANCOUVER | CONTEXT & BACKGROUND THE STATE OF GOODS MOVEMENT IN METRO VANCOUVER 1.0 Goods Movement Modes This section provides an overview of the state of goods movement in Metro Vancouver today, describing the different modes and market sectors. Goods movement is one part of a supply chain in many residents of Metro Vancouver use, consume, a much greater system of production that takes process, or send around the world on a regular basis. unprocessed raw materials from suppliers and delivers At various stages in the supply chain, goods need to be the finished products to the final consumer. Supply moved around. In the Metro Vancouver context, these chains can be very complicated and involve many goods are moved to, through, and within the region shippers, receivers, operators, and infrastructure using one or a combination of five primary means: road, providers, over long distances. The stories of a rail, pipeline, marine, and air. Each mode has unique time-sensitive parcel (see Figure 2), an office chair characteristics, opportunities, and challenges, which (Figure 6), and Okanagan cherries (Figure 8), are described in the following sections. illustrate possible supply chains for things that ROAD RAIL PIPELINE MARINE AIR 3 Moving the Economy: A REGIONAL GOODS MOVEMENT STRATEGY FOR METRO VANCOUVER | CONTEXT & BACKGROUND THE STATE OF GOODS MOVEMENT IN METRO VANCOUVER ROAD Truck Volumes: Trucks/Peak Hour Light Trucks 1–50 trucks/hour Heavy Trucks 1–50 trucks/hour Light Trucks 51+ trucks/hour Heavy Trucks 51+ trucks/hour Figure 1: Truck Volumes on all Roads in Metro Vancouver (AFRI 2012) 1.1 Road As shown in Figure 1, trucks use the entire network of across the province, Canada, and into the United highways, roads and streets to move goods throughout States. Several different modes carry goods and the region. The highest volumes of both light and heavy services over the road network, including light, trucks are seen across much of Highways 1, 91, 99 and the medium, and heavy trucks, vans, automobiles, taxis, eastern part of Lougheed Highway. Corridors with high cargo tricycles and bicycles, and pedestrian couriers. volumes of heavy trucks include the east/west route from The use of each mode is based on the type of cargo, Deltaport (now replaced by the South Fraser Perimeter time-sensitivity, distance, and the location and Road), access between the Port and Highway 91/99 along infrastructure involved. Knight Street in Vancouver, and access to the Pattullo Metro Vancouver plays an important role in national Bridge along McBride/Royal Ave in New Westminster. and international goods movement as a trans-shipment They also serve the intermodal terminals (YVR, the gateway between Canada, the United States, and Port, the intermodal rail terminals, and the pipeline the Asia-Pacific Region, where goods are loaded and terminals) and provide long-distance connections unloaded between ships, airplanes, trains, and trucks. 4 Moving the Economy: A REGIONAL GOODS MOVEMENT STRATEGY FOR METRO VANCOUVER | CONTEXT & BACKGROUND THE STATE OF GOODS MOVEMENT IN METRO VANCOUVER ROAD In addition, a large percentage of road-based implication is that increasingly deliveries are being movements within the region serves a local origin and made to residential areas (typically by cargo vans, destination, delivering consumer goods and services, which can manoeuvre on local streets). Since residents construction materials, or providing municipal services are often away during the day, some cities have started such as garbage pickup. to offer secure lockboxes that they can access upon their return home. Of special note, express delivery and courier services are growing rapidly, as households and businesses Cargo bicycles and pedestrian deliveries are being used move increasingly to online purchasing and purchasers in some cities to serve dense urban cores, especially expect a quick delivery as a result. One implication is where traffic congestion is high, there are restrictions that there is a growing demand for loading space at the on vehicular traffic, and curbside unloading is difficult front of the destination building, as opposed to queuing or not permitted. Another option is off-peak delivery, at the loading docks behind the building. Another which allows vehicles to avoid congested times of day. 5 Moving the Economy: A REGIONAL GOODS MOVEMENT STRATEGY FOR METRO VANCOUVER | CONTEXT & BACKGROUND THE STATE OF GOODS MOVEMENT IN METRO VANCOUVER THE STORY OF A TIME SENSITIVE DOCUMENT : am (PT) : pm (PT) : pm (PT) : pm (PT) Vancouver,