Regional Office for the Baltic and Nordic Countries Helsinki LAUNCHING THE INFORMATION CAMPAIGN ON PREVENTION OF TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN IN THE BALTIC STATES REGIONAL SEMINAR TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN IN THE BALTIC STATES: THE EXTENT OF THE CHALLENGE AND SEARCH FOR EFFECTIVE REMEDIES Report 15-16 October 2001 Vilnius, LITHUANIA IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental body, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and work towards effective respect of the human dignity and well-being of migrants. Contact: International Organization for Migration Regional Office for the Baltic and Nordic Countries P.O.Box 851 FIN-00101 Helsinki Finland Tel: +358-9-684 1150 Fax: +358-9-684 11 510 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.iom.fi IOM-Helsinki Report 54/2002 (English) ISSN 1238-8211 © 2002 International Organization for Migration (IOM) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher. 2 Table of Contents FOREWORD 7 RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT 8 LAUNCHING OF THE INFORMATION CAMPAIGN MS ANNE-BERIT MONG-HAUG MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND CHILDREN, NORWAY TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION: PERSPECTIVES OF THE CHALLENGE AND REMEDIES 22 MR JOHN F. TEFFT US AMBASSADOR IN LITHUANIA US COUNTER-TRAFFICKING POLICY, WORLD-WIDE CO-OPERATION AND ACTIVITIES IN THE BALTIC STATES 25 MS TAINA KIEKKO FINLAND’S AMBASSADOR DESIGNATED TO LITHUANIA FINLAND’S CO-OPERATION WITH THE BALTIC COUNTRIES IN COMBATING TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN AND RELATED AREAS 28 MS HELEN NILSSON SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION AGENCY SWEDEN’S POLICIES AND SIDA’S ROLE IN COMBATING TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN 30 THE BALTIC INFORMATION CAMPAIGN: FOUNDATIONS AND MODALITIES OF RAISING PUBLIC AWARENESS IN TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN PROF. MAREK OKOLSKI IOM-CONSULTANT, WARSAW, ACADEMY OF ADVANCED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (SWPS), POLAND MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE IOM RESEARCH ON TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN IN THE BALTIC STATES: PATTERNS AND EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM 32 MR VLADAS GAIDYS DIRECTOR, PUBLIC OPINION AND MARKET RESEARCH CENTRE “VILMORUS” PUBLIC PERCEPTION AND AWARENESS OF TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN IN THE BALTIC STATES: RESULTS OF TARGETED OPINION POLLS 38 MS AUDRA SIPAVIČIENE HEAD OF IOM OFFICE IN VILNIUS IOM ANTI-TRAFFICKING INFORMATION CAMPAIGN: MESSAGES 3 AND STRATEGIES TO INCREASE AWARENESS ON TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN AMONG POTENTIAL VICTIMS IN THE BALTIC STATES 51 REGIONAL SEMINAR TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN IN THE BALTIC STATES: THE EXTENT OF THE CHALLENGE AND SEARCH FOR EFFECTIVE REMEDIES PRESENTATION OF THE IOM RESEARCH RESULTS MR JOSE-ANGEL OROPEZA IOM REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE BALTIC AND NORDIC STATES IOM’S ROLE IN COMBATING AND PREVENTING TRAFFICKING WORLD-WIDE: POLICY AND PRACTICE. ACTIVITIES IN THE BALTIC STATES 61 MR ERIKAS SLAVĖNAS PROGRAMME OFFICER/DEPUTY RR, IOM HELSINKI IOM RESEARCH ON TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN IN THE BALTIC STATES: SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES 65 MS HELI ASKOLA IOM CONSULTANT, EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, FLORENCE LEGAL MODALITIES OF TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN: THE BALTIC STATES IN THE CONTEXT OF RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN NORMS 71 GAPS AND MOST URGENT PROBLEMS IN BALTIC LEGISLATION RELATED TO TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN: NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES MR ANDRI AHVEN ADVISOR, INTERNAL SECURITY ANALYSIS DEPARTMENT, MINISTRY OF INTERIOR, ESTONIA ESTONIA 76 MS ANHELITA KAMENSKA, LATVIAN CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND ETHNIC STUDIES, LATVIA LATVIA 77 MS AUDRONĖ PERKAUSKIENĖ, HEAD OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION DIVISION, MINISTRY OF INTERIOR, LITHUANIA LITHUANIA 80 PROF. MAREK OKOLSKI IOM-CONSULTANT, WARSAW ACADEMY OF ADVANCED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (SWPS), POLAND SOCIOLOGICAL MODULE: TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN IN THE BALTIC STATES: MECHANISMS, ACTORS, PROBLEMS, AND NEEDS FOR ASSISTANCE 83 NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES OF MAIN PROBLEMS CONCERNING TRAFFICKING 4 IN WOMEN IN THE BALTIC STATES: RESEARCH FINDINGS MR JURI SAAR, CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH UNIT, INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES, TALLINN PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY, ESTONIA ESTONIA 99 MS INNA ZARINA, LATVIAN WOMEN STUDIES AND INFORMATION CENTER, LATVIA LATVIA 103 MS DANUTĖ TUREIKYTĖ, VILNIUS UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY MS AUDRA SIPAVIČIENE, IOM VILNIUS, LITHUANIA LITHUANIA 109 TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN: THE PERSPECTIVE AND RESPONSES OF RECEIVING COUNTRIES AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY MR JOHAN ALLING, NORDIC COUNCIL OF MINISTERS SECRETARIAT, DENMARK THE NORDIC PROGRAMME TO COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN: POLITICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS 121 MR RUDIGER RICHTER POLICE ATTACHÉ, GERMAN EMBASSY IN LITHUANIA BALTIC TRAFFICKERS AND TRAFFICKING FLOWS TO THE EU: THE CASE OF GERMANY 125 MR MICHAEL G. WEISS DETECTIVE SERGEANT, CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION DEPARTMENT, ÅARHUS, DENMARK DENMARK’S EXPERIENCE IN INVESTIGATING ORGANISED AND RESOURCE- DEMANDING CRIME: TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN FROM THE BALTIC STATES 129 MS JOHANNA TURNEROVA, IOM PRAGUE IOM INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS RELATED TO PREVENTION OF TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN: THE CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC 134 MS ELISA TSAKIRI, IOM GENEVA IOM’S MANDATE AND ACTIVITIES RELATED TO TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN PREVENTION INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS 139 INFORMATION, PREVENTION, AND ASSISTANCE TO THE VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING: STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE GOVERNMENTAL SECTOR. SENDING COUNTRIES’ PERSPECTIVE MR IGORIS BAZYLEVAS ADVISER, PUBLIC SECURITY DEPARTMENT, MINISTRY OF INTERIOR LITHUANIA. TRAFFICKING PROBLEMS IN LITHUANIA. TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS AND PROSTITUTION PREVENTION PROGRAMME 2001-2005 142 5 MR ULDIS OSMANIS, VICE SQUARD UNIT, DRUG ENFORCEMENT BUREAU, STATE POLICE MS VALIJA GREBENZIECE, INQUEST SERVICE OF THE INFORMATION BOARD, CENTRAL BOARD, STATE BORDER GUARD LATVIA. GOVERNMENTAL ATTEMPTS TO PREVENT AND COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN: STATE OF PLAY 145 MS ULLE-MARIKE PAPP HEAD OF BUREAU OF EQUALITY, MINISTRY OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS ESTONIA. PROBLEMS OF TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN IN ESTONIA AND RESPONSE TO THE CHALLENGE 148 TRAFFICKING PREVENTION AND ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS - NGO PERSPECTIVE: CAPACITIES, PROBLEMS, AND INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION MS CAROLINA WENNERHOLM PROJECT MANAGER, KVINNOFORUM, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN KVINNOFORUM: “CROSSING BORDERS AGAINST TRAFFICKING” – EXPERIENCE OF THE NORDIC-BALTIC NETWORK AND ITS ROLE IN ANTI-TRAFFICKING CO-OPERATION 151 MS REET NURMI STAKES NATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTRE FOR WELFARE AND HEALTH, FINLAND PROMOTION OF CO-OPERATION BETWEEN GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES AND NGOS – FINNISH EXPERIENCE: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS 154 MS ELEANOR VALENTINE WINROCK INTERNATIONAL, DIRECTOR NETWORK OF TRAFFICKING PREVENTION CENTRES: LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL NGO CO-OPERATION (CASES OF UKRAINE, MOLDOVA, AND ARMENIA) 160 BALTIC NGOS’ ROLE IN COMBATING TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN: PROBLEM PERCEPTION, ASSISTANCE CAPACITY, TRAINING AND CO-OPERATION NEEDS. INTEREST IN INFORMATION CAMPAIGN AND PROSPECTS OF CO-OPERATION 167 MR JURI KALIKOV, AIDS INFORMATION AND SUPPORT CENTRE, TALLINN, ESTONIA 169 MS VITA KARKLINA, PROJECT FOR THE PREVENTION OF ADOLESCENT TRAFFICKING, YOUTH HEALTH CENTRE’S COUNCIL IN LATVIA 171 MS DALIA MARCINKEVIČIENĖ, NGO “PREITIES PEDOS”, VILNIUS, LITHUANIA 173 6 Foreword Trafficking in human beings has become a serious global concern. International criminal groups, whose activities often include other forms of illicit trade such as smuggling of drugs and arms, often control trafficking in persons as well. In addition to abusing human rights, and violating labour and migration laws, trafficking in persons is also a problem of national and international security. Through the generous support of donor governments, IOM has established itself as an important agency in combating trafficking, addressing first of all the most vulnerable groups of victims: women and children. IOM strategy of tackling trafficking in women in the Baltic States consists of three consecutive steps, each creating foundation for subsequent activities. (1) The first step was research in trafficking in women. Having covered both legal and sociological dimensions, the completed research produced a clear and systematic picture of trafficking in women in the Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, outlining the main patterns and modalities, as well as the most vulnerable areas and greatest damage done, both to individuals as well as to societal stability. (2) On the basis of the research insights, an Information Campaign is being carried out - thanks first of all to generous funding from the Swedish Government - in order to raise public awareness of the dangers of trafficking in women in the three Baltic States. Besides societies in general, numerous specialised components of the information campaign will be targeted at the high risk groups, particularly young women in a disadvantaged economical situation, turning their attention to the lurking dangers of trafficking and promoting well informed responses. (3) The third step is Technical Co- operation with the Baltic States in order to enhance their administrative capacity to combat trafficking in women, and to ensure successful prevention. This last module will cover both governmental entities as well as non-governmental organisations, which have a crucial role to play in combating trafficking in women. The Regional Seminar took place in Vilnius, Lithuania on 15-16 October