CHAPTER 5 THROUGH OPERATION POLICY 5.1 Through Operation Plan 5.1.1 Advantages of Through Operation Through operation will bring advantages to both railway users and railway enterprises. 1) The advantages for railway users are the alleviation of congestion at terminal stations; and the reduction of transport time by eliminating the necessity of changing trains. 2) The advantages for railway enterprises are the reduction of construction cost and rolling stock cost : and the enhancement of competitive power against other means of transport. 5.1.2 Draft of a Through Operations Plan We will study the possibility of through operations, including the track sections for which construction is already being planned, for the transportation authority responsible for railways for the Manila metropolitan area. A route map of these track sections is shown in Fig. 5.1.1. Of the track sections illustrated, we will study the following tracks, including LRT Line 1 and LRT Line3 that are already in operation, as well as planned tracks. No planning will be carried out for MRT Line 2 and LRT Line 4 because the through operations in the study results will be very complicated. (1) Plan proposal 1) Through operations on LRT Line 1 and LRT Line 3 ① Through operations at the Monumento Station in the north ② Through operations in the vicinity of the EDSA Station in the south Furthermore, LRT Line 6 now being planned is included in LRT Line 1. 2) Improvements and through operations for North Rail Line and MCX Line ① Through operations based on elevation of the track between Tayuman and Vitocruz (use existing track bed) 5 - 1 ② Through operations based on placing the track between Tayuman and Vitocruz underground (shorten by using a separate line) (2) Prerequisites for the comparative study 1) Date for start of through operations will be 2015. 2) The transportation demand estimates for the improvement plans for each track section are shown in Table5.1.1 as Case 1 through Case 4. 3) A comparative study in conjunction with the through operations will be conducted for the following cases. ① LRT Line 1 and LRT Line 3 will be studied by comparing Case 1 and Case 3, including LRT Line 6. ② North Rail Line and MCX Line will be studied by comparing Case 3 and Case 4. 5 - 2 5.2 Plan for Through Operations on LRT Line 1 and Line 3 and LRT Line 6 Plan for through operations at Monumento station This through operations planning proposal can be executed and should be executed. Line 1 and 3 form an important route grid for metropolitan area transportation as loop lines. Transforming Monumento Station into a junction station will be extremely complicated and difficult as a railway route. Therefore, this transformation should not be made, and another plan such as the utilization of a separate line (PNR line, etc.) should be studied, for the transport form suburbs to the city center. Fig. 5.2.1 Through Operation Plan for LRT Line 1 and 3 near Monumento Station (1) Study of facilities and other needs for through operations The present status of transportation facilities on LRT Line 1 and 3 and the plan for facilities that will accompany through operations is shown in Table 5.2.1. (2) Primary investigations and items for improvement during the implementation stage 1) Detailed investigation of train through operations 2) Improvement of train protection systems 3) Investigate yard track layout at terminal stations 4) Agreements with businesses (companies) for through operations 5 - 5 (3) Transport demand for each Case 1) Comparison of Transport Volume Transport Volume (year 2015) 1400 1235.737 1150.98 1200 1000 line 1 800 645.397 line 3 594.933 590.34 556.047 600 Total 404.095 404.909 line 6 400 (1000persons/day) 200 0 Case１ Case３ Fig. 5.2.2 Comparison of Transport Volume 2) Comparison of Sectional Transport Volume (Case 1 and Case 3) LRT Line 1 & Line 3 Sectional Transport Volume 2015 Comparison Case 1(Not connected) & Case 3(Connected) 35,000 → Case 1(Not connected)(Line 1→Line3) Case 3 (Connected) 28,63228,546 30,000 27,522 25,862 25,376 25,338 25,431 24,380 24,435 25,000 23,231 23,22323,123 22,688 22,45222,563 21,673 21,587 21,301 20,648 20,731 19,846 19,673 20,000 18,633 18,78418,765 18,352 17,83217,327 17,693 17,583 16,845 16,971 16,716 16,621 15,562 15,87115,985 15,884 15,68715,685 14,744 14,219 13,703 13,980 15,000 13,35513,270 13,113 13,567 12,55012,550 12,677 11,867 11,34111,534 11,541 11,26110,814 9,894 (persons/hour) 9,563 8,541 10,000 7,916 6,7357,128 5,310 5,000 0 ED Qui Bru Orti G.Pu U.N. Carr Bam R.Pa Mun. Que. Cuba Boni Buen Maga ～ ～ ～ ～ Monu ～ ～ ～ ～ ～ ～ ～ ～ ～ ～ ～ ～ Bac Vit Tay Lib. Ped Bal. Sant Sent D.Jo Nort. Kam. Shaw Aya A.San 5th.A. Guad Fig. 5.2.3 Comparison of Sectional Transport Volume (Case 1& Case 3) 5 - 7 (4) Train operation plan 1) Train operation time LRT Line 1 : Baclaran ～ Monumento = 32 minutes LRT Line 3 : Monumento ～ Taft = 38minutes 2) Minimum train headway The required headway is 1minute 30 seconds～2 minutes. 3) Number of train operations Table 5.2.2 Train Operation Plan (2015) Case 1 Case3 Line No.of Train Max.Bord.ef. No.of Train Max.Bord.ef. Trains/hour ％ Trains/hour ％ Line 1 24 120 26 121 Line 3 22 121 24 116 Line 6 12 123 12 121 4) Required train formations Table 5.2.3 Number of Required Train Formations (2015) Line Case 1 Case 3 Line 1 30 formation (120 unit) Line 3 34 formation (102 unit) 64 formation (256 unit) Total 64 formation (222 unit) Note: The 64 is included 4 stand by formations. 5 - 8 5) Passenger revenue and operation expenses Revenues and Expenses of LRT Line 1 & Line 3 (2015) (million pesos/year) 7,000 5,737 6,000 5,344 5,000 Revenue 4,000 3,089 Expenses 3,000 2,7422,602 2,648 Rev.-Exp. 2,000 (million pesos/year) 1,000 0 Case 1 Case 3 Note: Operation expenses do not include depreciation cost, etc. Fig. 5.2.4 Passenger Revenue and Operation Expenses (5) Summary of investigation results Summary of investigation results show the Table5.2.4. 5 - 9 5.3 Plan for North Rail Line and MCX Line Improvements and Through Operations In order to complement LRT Line 1 (including Line 6) where transport will be strained, and to fulfill its critical mission in the future as the principal trunk line for the Philippines, improvement and connection of the north track and south track is the topic of greatest urgency. (1) Plan proposal Two proposals have been developed as a countermeasure, as shown in Fig. 5.3.1. 1) Proposal 1 Elevate the line currently in operation over a distance of roughly 10km . 2) Proposal 2 Using Tayuman as the starting point, link to the south line in the vicinity Vitocruz as an underground rail and implement through service. (about 7km of underground) (2) Comparison and Study of improvement alternatives on North Rail and MCX Line 1) Track equipment 2) Necessity of through operations in the metropolitan core 3) Management nucleus and organization 4) Operation control system 5) Construction cost, etc. 5 - 11 (3) Comparison of Transport Volume and Transport Plan 1) Comparison of Transport Volume, etc. Transport Volume of NR/MCX Line(year2015) 1,600 1,400 1,400 1,226 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 (1000persons/day) 200 0 Case 3 Case 4 Fig. 5.3.2 Comparison of Transport Volume of North Rail/MCX(2015) 2) Necessity of through operation in the metropolitan core North Rail/MCX : Sectional Traffic Volume(2015) Case 4 350,000 → 300,000 southbound beyond EDSA 250,000 ⑥ ⑤through passenger 200,000 150,000 ③inner area (pers./day) 100,000 ④inner area to outer area 50,000 ②up to inner area 0 ①southbound up to Caloocan 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 10 11 ～ ～ ～ ～ ～ ～ ～ ～ 2 3 4 6 7 ～ ～ 9 11~12Pa~1313~14 Pi~17 Bi~20Su~21 Bi~25St~26 Ma Cal Tay Vit~15Bu~16 ED~18FT~19 Ala~22Mu~23S.P~24 D.Jo Fig. 5.3.3 Analysis of Sectional Transport Volume (4) Train Operation Plan 1) Type of coaches : Electric railcar(JR East 209-Series , 4M6T, DC 1,500V) 2) Maximum speed : 100km/h 3) Train operation time : Case 3 : Elevated = 88 minutes Case 4 : Underground = 81 minutes 5 - 14 4) Operation control sys. : Automatic block system (Wayside signal + ATS) 5) Number of trains and required formations Table 5.3.2 Number of Trains and Required Formations (2015) Item Case 3 Case 4 Marilao～Tayuman 9 Trains/hour 12 Trains/hour No. of Trai Tayuman～San Pedro 17 ditto 18 ditto San Pedro～Cabuyao 8 ditto 9 ditto Required 43 formations 43 formations Marila～Cabuyao Trains (430 cars) (430 cars) 6) Passenger revenue and operation expenses Revenues and Expenses of North R./MCX Line (2015) (million pesos/year) 12,000 10,733 10,000 9,396 8,000 6,568 Revenue 6,000 5,312 Expenses 4,085 4,164 Rev.-Exp. 4,000 (million pesos/year) 2,000 0 Case 3 Case 4 Note: Operation expenses do not include depreciation cost, etc. Fig. 5.3.4 Passenger Revenue and Operation Expenses (5) Summary of Investigation Results (NR/MCX) It shows Table 5.3.3.