Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of Selected Taonga Species Supplementary Appendix 1: Species Profiles MARCH 2020 Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of Selected Freshwater Taonga Species Supplementary Appendix 1: Species Profiles Prepared for Te Wai Māori Trust March 2020 Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of Selected Freshwater Taonga Species Prepared by: Eimear Egan Erica Williams For any information regarding this report please contact: Eimear Egan Freshwater Fish Ecologist Freshwater Ecology +64-3-343 7800 [email protected] Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of Selected Freshwater Taonga Species Contents Using this supplementary appendix ..................................................................................... 9 1 Banded kōkopu (Galaxias fasciatus) ......................................................................... 11 1.1 Habitats ................................................................................................................... 11 1.2 The fishery .............................................................................................................. 11 1.3 Life cycle, age and growth ...................................................................................... 13 1.4 Distribution and environmental preferences ......................................................... 15 1.5 Diet and predation .................................................................................................. 17 1.6 Recruitment ............................................................................................................ 17 1.7 Current impacts of climate change ......................................................................... 17 1.8 Ecosystem level interactions .................................................................................. 17 1.9 Additional (multiple) stressors................................................................................ 18 1.10 Critical data gaps and level of uncertainty ............................................................. 18 1.11 References .............................................................................................................. 18 2 Giant kōkopu (Galaxias argenteus) ........................................................................... 21 2.1 Habitats ................................................................................................................... 21 2.2 The fishery .............................................................................................................. 21 2.3 Life cycle, age and growth ...................................................................................... 23 2.4 Distribution and environmental preferences ......................................................... 24 2.5 Diet and predation .................................................................................................. 26 2.6 Recruitment ............................................................................................................ 27 2.7 Current impacts of climate change ......................................................................... 28 2.8 Ecosystem level interactions .................................................................................. 28 2.9 Additional (multiple) stressors................................................................................ 28 2.10 Critical data gaps and level of uncertainty ............................................................. 28 2.11 References .............................................................................................................. 28 3 Īnanga (Galaxias maculatus) .................................................................................... 32 3.1 Habitats ................................................................................................................... 32 3.2 The fishery .............................................................................................................. 33 3.3 Life cycle, age and growth ...................................................................................... 34 3.4 Distribution and environmental preferences ......................................................... 39 3.5 Diet and predation .................................................................................................. 41 Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of Selected Freshwater Taonga Species 5 3.6 Recruitment ............................................................................................................ 42 3.7 Current impacts of climate change ......................................................................... 43 3.8 Ecosystem level interactions .................................................................................. 45 3.9 Additional (multiple) stressors................................................................................ 46 3.10 Critical data gaps and level of uncertainty ............................................................. 46 3.11 References .............................................................................................................. 46 4 Kōaro (Galaxias brevipinnis) ..................................................................................... 53 4.1 Habitats ................................................................................................................... 53 4.2 The fishery .............................................................................................................. 54 4.3 Life cycle, age and growth ...................................................................................... 56 4.4 Distribution and environmental preferences ......................................................... 58 4.5 Diet and predation .................................................................................................. 60 4.6 Recruitment ............................................................................................................ 60 4.7 Current impacts of climate change ......................................................................... 60 4.8 Ecosystem level interactions .................................................................................. 61 4.9 Additional (multiple stressors)................................................................................ 61 4.10 Critical data gaps and level of uncertainty ............................................................. 61 4.11 References .............................................................................................................. 62 5 Piharau / Kanakana / Pouched Lamprey (Geotria australis) ....................................... 66 5.1 Habitats ................................................................................................................... 66 5.2 The fishery .............................................................................................................. 69 5.3 Life cycle, age and growth ...................................................................................... 69 5.4 Distribution and environmental preferences ......................................................... 70 5.5 Diet and predation .................................................................................................. 71 5.6 Recruitment ............................................................................................................ 72 5.7 Current impacts of climate change ......................................................................... 72 5.8 Ecosystem level interactions .................................................................................. 72 5.9 Additional (multiple) stressors................................................................................ 72 5.10 Critical data gaps and level of uncertainty ............................................................. 73 5.11 References .............................................................................................................. 73 6 Kātaha/Aua/Yellow-eye mullet (Aldrichetta forsteri) ................................................ 76 6.1 Habitats ................................................................................................................... 76 6.2 The fishery .............................................................................................................. 76 6 Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of Selected Freshwater Taonga Species 6.3 Life cycle, age and growth ...................................................................................... 78 6.4 Distribution and environmental preferences ......................................................... 79 6.5 Diet and predation .................................................................................................. 80 6.6 Recruitment ............................................................................................................ 80 6.7 Current impacts of climate change ......................................................................... 81 6.8 Ecosystem level interactions .................................................................................. 81 6.9 Additional (multiple) stressors................................................................................ 82 6.10 Critical data gaps and level of uncertainty ............................................................. 82 6.11 References 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